How to choose a heater.
Easier to prevent than fix. This expression is more important than ever, because if it is timely to install thermal insulation, it will avoid accidents and subsequent replacement of the system. Having comprehended some subtleties, such works can be done independently and without the special financial costs. 
According to the norms, pipes are laid at a depth of about 0.5 m. Naturally, the deeper the pipe, the better. And what if the installation of the water pipe is made by ground-based method or in an unheated room? It is these structures that must be given special attention, especially to such areas as:
- well water supply and pipe entry into the house;
- pumps, water meters and other outdoor equipment;
When buying a thermal insulation material, it is worth paying attention to a few basic criteria that the insulation material must match:
- simplicity of installation, so that even a layman can easily cope with such work;
- durability, which is achieved by good moisture resistance and tolerance to temperature changes;
- fire protection, especially in the case of structures in the room.
- low thermal conductivity - an important energy-saving factor;
- leakage, the loss of which affects the basic functions of thermal insulation;
- price-quality ratio. This is just the case when the cheaper - the worse the quality.
Types of heat-insulating materials.
The modern chemical industry has reached such a high level that it can provide consumers with dozens of types of insulation from a wide variety of materials. At which point, depends on the financial capabilities of customers and scope.
The most common today are:
- fiberglass( mainly suitable for metal-plastic pipes).Its main disadvantage is its low density, therefore it is necessary to use additional materials in its complex with it, for example, ruberoid;
- heaters from basalt( in the form of a cylinder).Requires additional insulation in the form of ruberoid or pergamina. The main advantage - ease of installation;
- Polyfoam( expanded polystyrene) is the most popular due to its low cost and recyclability.
Ways of laying heaters.
The simplest in installation is glass wool, which simply wraps the pipes. An adhesive tape is wound on top of it to fix it and at the end it is wrapped around with a roll ruberoid.
Foam shells or basalt wool are fastened over the pipes with a displacement of approximately 10 cm relative to each other. Pre-fixation is carried out with scotch tape. Above the shell superimposed ruberoid, which in this case serves as a protection against mechanical damage. 
Additional pipeline protection methods.
One of the alternative ways to protect pipes from freezing is the knowledge and application of physical laws. Namely, increasing the water pressure to 3 atmospheres, it is at this rate that the possibility of its freezing is excluded. You can do this by installing a special receiver.
Warming with heating cable. Sufficiently expensive approach, compensated by high efficiency. The power of this cable varies between 15-25 W / 1 m of the pipe. The modern market of building and sanitary materials offers a large selection of such cables, as well as accessories with the existing wire inside. 
