Support columnar foundation with your own hands

Construction of any house begins with the erection of a foundation, and if you decide to choose a columnar foundation, you first need to study all the nuances before starting work.

General characteristics of

Most people choose this type of foundation because of its low cost. The price of a pillar-pillar foundation is several times less than that of any other monolithic type. Another advantage is that such a foundation can be easily constructed by oneself with elementary skills of handling construction materials.

Support columnar foundations can be erected on any type of soil, even on the podzynisty soils. This is a universal design, which is characterized by long service life and does not require costly thermal insulation and waterproofing works.

Varieties of column-pillar foundations

The material from which you will build a columnar foundation with your own hands, it is necessary to choose already at the design stage.

Depending on the material, the foundations can be divided into the following types:

• concrete;
• buthot concrete;
• butane-flagstone;
• brick;
• stone.

In some cases, for the construction of hard wood species, but the wooden columnar foundation requires special treatment with solutions that protect against rotting and corrosion.

The most common types of columnar foundations are made of bricks and concrete. These are monolithic structures that are not susceptible to corrosion and have long service lives. A brick columnar foundation can easily stand for about a hundred years, but even this type has its own small drawbacks.

Drawbacks of the brick foundation:

• labor intensity - the construction of a pillar foundation, judging by the reviews, will require more strength and time than any other type of construction;
• risk of deformation - if your site is on strongly puchinistom soil, it is better to bypass the foundation of concrete or stone, because the brick structure can not withstand the displacement of the soil;
• financial costs - to build a brick column foundation you need to buy a quality brick, otherwise the foundation will not last long.

Also columnar foundations can be divided by the degree of depth in the soil:

• shallow - laid at a depth of 50-70 cm in soils with a fairly low level of groundwater;
• distilled - actual for humid soils. Such a foundation must be dug to a depth of at least two meters.

How to make a foundation-column foundation

The construction of any foundation must be carried out on pre-prepared soil, and the column-type support is no exception.

We can distinguish the following main stages of the construction of a pillar foundation:

• Preliminary preparation of a site for building. Remove all garbage from the site and level out any irregularities( hillocks, pits, etc.).If your site is located on a clayey soil, it is necessary to provide gravel podsypku.
• Marking of a building site. Mark with the help of pegs the location of each pillar of the future foundation. Earthwork can be done on its own or with the help of a tractor or excavator, if there is such an opportunity.
  
• Installation of poles. If the pillars of your basement are rather short and do not exceed a meter length, it is not necessary to strengthen the excavations excavated under them. If the poles are long, then you need to drill a well that expands to the top, then install in each of them several struts of boards or bars. To ensure that the future structure is protected from subsidence, it is recommended to make a reinforced concrete "pillow" on the bottom of the excavation.
• Manufacturing of formwork. The formwork is made of boards with a width of 15 cm and a thickness of 4 cm. For non-removable formwork it is necessary to build shields from asbestos-cement or iron pipes with a diameter of more than 10 cm.
• Reinforcement of the foundation foundation. To reinforce the columnar base, it is necessary to purchase reinforcement with a cross-section from 12 to 14 mm. Install the rods in a longitudinal way, using a strong wire to create horizontal bridges. It is recommended to leave the ends of the reinforcement, up to 20 cm in length, not filled with mortar. This will be useful for convenient binding of poles with a grill.
• When the reinforcement is connected, it's time to pour the foundation with concrete mortar. To prevent the formation of voids during pouring, try to tighten the mixture as tightly as possible. Qualitative waterproofing will not be superfluous, especially if the house is built on wet soils. As a waterproofing material, a ruberoid, bedded in two layers, is perfect. For normal and dry soils, one layer of waterproofing will suffice.
• Construction of grillage. Grillage is the top part of the foundation in the form of a plate or grill, the main task of which is the uniform distribution of the load over the entire area of ​​the foundation. For the construction of grillage on a columnar foundation, make a frame of reinforcement by connecting the jumpers with the same reinforcement. After building the frame, install the formwork and pour concrete into the mold. After the concrete hardens, the grillage will be ready.
• The final stage is laying a layer of bricks. While working, do not forget to leave openings for communication and ventilation. When building walls of brick or foam blocks, do not install the elements directly on poles, otherwise there may be distortions and cracks.

Foundation of pipes

Many people prefer to build a point-like columnar foundation of pipes, because this method takes less time and does not require any specific skills.

Stages of the construction of the foundations of pipes:

• to drill a well for the foundation, carefully fill the bottom;
• in hole holes insert pipes with a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the well;
• ensure reliable fixation of pipes in vertical position, filling wells with dense soil;
• fill the inner space of the pipes with a third of the concrete solution, raise the pipe upwards so that the solution fills the vacant space;
• again pour into the pipe solution, leaving only 10-15 centimeters empty at the top of the pipe;
• to compact the concrete mix in the pipe by the bayonet method, by installing in the middle of the pipe the reinforcing bar;
• after complete hardening of the mortar to bind the foundation by attaching the anchor elements to the lower edges of the beams of the walls and immersing them in cemented spaces of the pipes;
• carefully concrete foundation.

Surface foundation type

Surface support columnar foundation is suitable for small buildings of wood, timber or frame-type houses with a size not exceeding 6x6 meters. This type is the foundation for the construction of which monolithic concrete bollards are used.

Surface foundation can be built on sandy or coarse clastic soil. Pillars are installed on the corners of the house, where the internal walls intersect with the outer walls and at the points where heavy bearing piers are installed.

Foundation supports are powerful concrete blocks, the number of which is determined by the characteristics of the future house plan. On each support leaves from 4 to 6 blocks, connected together by means of a cement mortar. The dimensions of the standard blocks are 200х200х400 mm.

There are a number of restrictions for the construction of a superficial columnar foundation of blocks:

• this type of foundation is strongly discouraged from erecting on humid and pitted ground or "weak" soils( clay, peat);
• block foundation can not withstand a massive structure;
• Difficult planking of the basement under the house erected on a columnar foundation.

As a rule, surface columnar foundations are chosen for the construction of bathhouses or cabins. The erection is quite simple, cheap and does not require additional waterproofing.