Species classification of frame roof structures
There are several frame structures, they are distinguished:
- Roof rafter frame - created from lumber, perfect for pitched roofs
- Metal roof frame - made of beams, suitable for industrial buildings
- Concrete frame - constructed from concrete slabs, is used for flat roofing types
Roofs of sawn timber are found most often in the construction of a private house. Are popular in the creation of gable roofs. The remaining species are of no interest for the construction of a residential building. They are not subject to review.
Variety of frame structure of rafters
Frame construction is closely related to the rafter system. It is necessary to choose the right type of rafter installation. The load of the frame often rests on the rafters. For a strong load retention, the rafter system consists of wooden bars with a cross section of 15 by 5 centimeters. On the bars and there is a fastening of the frame installation, or crates.
Rails are:
- Suspended
- Scuffed
Both variants are used in erecting a residential house. The difference lies in the ability of the hanging rafters to focus on the Mauerlatt roof. This building part has the appearance of a wooden block attached to the final row of the laying of the bearing wall. It can be made by hand, only a bar with a cross section of 10 centimeters is needed.
The upper edges of the rafters are connected by a ridge element( layered rafters do not need a top anchor).
Installation of frame construction depends on the type of the building itself, its features must be studied without fail. You need to know the gaps of the outer bearing walls. A gap of more than 600 centimeters is not permissible for the installation of a suspended rafter. Such cases include a layered version of rafters with a raised bearing wall. You can also use metal columns as a support system.
The correct installation of the rafters will allow the roof to not sag and retain quality for the duration of its use.
What building materials are used for the frame construction?
The construction of the roof frame by oneself is a very laborious process. It will require:
- Wooden beam 15 by 5 centimeters for the creation of trusses
- Wooden beam 10 by 10 centimeters for the Mauerlat
- Wooden planks for the crate
- Additional fasteners( screws, bolts)
Optional electrical appliances - drill, screwdriver, a hammer, a saw, a measuring tape measure, a chipping ax, a plumb line. Special building materials are not required, which simplifies the process of preparing the installation of the frame. The main thing is to choose high-quality, dense wood without any damage. If possible, it is better not to save on quality. Strong wood will ensure a long service life of the roofing system.
Acquired raw materials must be impregnated with protective liquid agents, eliminating premature decay of the tree, destruction of the structure from insects and additional moisture.
Arrangement of rafters for the roof frame
For self-assembly of rafters, it is necessary to prepare materials of a dry structure in order to avoid damage during construction. The rafters consist of two legs and a lower base attached to them. It connects to the feet due to bolts, anchoring parts. The rafter is attached to the support beam. This kind of fastening involves a set of the following actions:
- Make several grooves in the Mauerlate of a certain size for connection with the rafters
- Calculate the distance between the rafters - from one meter
- If the roof exceeds three meters in height, use the vertical rafters
The wooden crate is a win-win option for the roofingroofs. The cladding should be installed only on the solid construction of the rafter system. The rafters are fastened between the upper edges by a ridge element, the lower edges are fastened with a strap that serves only as a temporary part. When building the battens, take into account the step of its boards, fastenings for screws and screws. The step of the roofing is determined by the slope of the roof and its building material.
The rafter has two design options:
- solid
- intermediate
The choice of option depends on the roofing material. Sheet, dense coating is used for a sparse crate. Soft roofing requires a solid foundation( meaning shingles that have the ability to sag and quickly deteriorate, or roofing material and similar materials).Metal tile, corrugated board, slate, galvanized sheets are easy to use with intermediate crate. Their undulating surface allows you to fasten to the base with a rare step. It is important to correctly calculate the intervals of the boards of the crate and fix the roofing material firmly with screws.
It is important to note: Wooden log cabins and lumber are in need of additional protective treatment. It warns against moisture, inflammation and harmful insects. To keep the structure of the frame firmly, it is necessary to treat wooden beams with antiseptic solutions and antipyretics( its composition increases the protective properties of boards exposed to high temperatures).Antiseptic warns against the appearance of insects and repels moisture.
