| Roof type | Slopes,% | Roof effects | |||
| heating1), 2) to temperature, ° С, not more than | mechanical( impacts) 3), kgs × m, not more than | alkaline solutions4) | acid solutions4) | ||
| 1.(Rolls) and mastics, reinforced with glass materials( mastics): | |||||
| a) with a protective layer of gravel | 0 - less than 10 | 65 | 2 | Allowed 5) | Acceptable6) |
| b) with a top layer of materials with coarse-grained or scaly powder | 10-257) | 75 | 1 | Allowed8) | » |
| 2. Rolls with a protective layer: | |||||
| a) from concrete and reinforced concrete slabs | 0 - less than 2.5 | 65 | 10 | Are allowed | Not allowed |
| b) from cement-sand mortar | Same | 65 | 5 | » | Same |
| c) from sand asphalt concrete | » | 65 | 5 | » | Acceptable |
| 3. Asbestos-cement corrugated sheets | 10-33 | 80 | Not allowed | » | Not allowed |
| 4. Same when applied in IVA and IVG climatic subareas | 10-20 | 80 | Same | » | Same |
| 5. Of reinforced concrete panley gutter secheniya9) | 5-10 | 80 | 5 | » | » |
| 1) The temperature of heating the roof is determined by calculation( taking into account the technological heat release) according to the norms of construction heat engineering and construction climatology. To reduce the temperature of heating the roof, use protective layer materials( for example, gravel) of light tones. When exposed to local sources of radiant heat, the corresponding sections of the roofs from below should be protected by hanging screens.2) On sections of buildings with increased heat dissipation, where it is not possible to apply roll, mastic and asbestos-cement materials under heating conditions, it is allowed, with appropriate justification, to provide for roofing from steel sheets.3) Impact impacts when working with scraps are conditionally equated to impacts of solid objects weighing 30 kgf from a height of 1 m, when drawing solid objects with sharp angles and ribs - objects weighing 10 kgf, while working with metal shovels - objects weighing 5 kgf, when working with woodenshovels - objects weighing 1 kgf.4) The possibility of exposing the roof to periodically moisturizing industrial emissions containing aggressive media is provided.5) Mastics should contain additives taking into account note.3 to Table.3. 6) Gravel used for the protective layer should be from igneous rocks resistant to the action of acid solutions.7) On sections of roofs with a slope of more than 25%, allowed in exceptional cases, with a slope length of more than 1.5 m, it is necessary to envisage the use of more heat-resistant mastics( according to Table 3 for the arrangement of junctions) and fixing the waterproof carpet with tole nails of size 2'25mm( GOST 4029-63) through 200 mm to the wooden antiseptirovannymi racks which must be sealed in the foundation under the roof, taking into account the width of the fixed roll materials and the need to stack them with overlap on the roof slope of at least 70 mm.8) On the waterproofing carpet, it is necessary to provide the application of mastics in accordance with paragraph 2.12.9) Concretes of brands should be used for panels: for water resistance - V-6 - V-10, for frost-resistance - not less than Мрз 200( GOST 4795-68, GOST 4800-69).When using panels of the cross section of waterproof concrete B-6, it is necessary to provide for the coloring of the front surface of the panels with one of the following compositions: a visible suspension of thiokol T-50 with a thickness of 1 mm;Naryte solution NT of 1 mm thickness;bitumen-butyl rubber mastic MBB-X-120 with a thickness of 2 mm. In places where ventilation chambers, pipes and other engineering equipment pass through, the ferroconcrete panels of the section must have openings with a frame protruding to a height of at least 100 mm. |
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1.The norms of this chapter must be observed when designing roofs from rolled, mastic materials and from asbestos-cement wavy sheets for buildings and structures for various purposes.
For attic coverings of residential and public buildings, with a feasibility study, it is allowed to provide roofs of reinforced concrete panels of the tray section according to Table.1 of these Norms.
| The of the Central Research Institute of Public Utilities of the USSR State Construction Committee | Approved by the resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for construction of December 31, 1976 No. 226 | Implementation period January 1, 1978 |
Materials used for roofs and elementscoatings for which there are no state standards, must meet the requirements provided for by technical specifications or other normative and technical documentation of industrial significance for these materialsand these Norms.
Table 1
1.2.The choice of the type of roofing should be carried out according to Table.1, depending on their slopes, taking into account the design standards of the relevant buildings and structures, areas of construction and impacts on the roof.
Roofing of rolled and mastic materials is preferably applied on slopes up to 2.5%;To provide such roofs on slopes more than 12% is allowed with the appropriate justification.
1.3.In working drawings of roofing, it is necessary to indicate:
the roof structure, the name and the brand of materials and products with references to state standards or technical specifications;
the amount of slopes, the location of the drainage funnels and the location of the expansion joints;
details of roofs in the places of installation of drainage funnels and adjoining to walls, parapets, ventilation and elevator mines, cornices and other structural elements.
In the working drawings of the construction part of the project, it should be indicated the need to develop measures for fire protection and to monitor the implementation of fire safety rules and safety rules in the manufacture of construction and installation works.
1.4.On coatings with bearing steel profiled decks, it is not allowed to install apparatuses and equipment with combustible materials, flammable and combustible liquids and gases.
| Roof grade% | Roof type | Roof type | Basic waterproof carpet | Protective layer on the top of the waterproofing carpet |
| 0 - less than 2.5 | Roll | K-1 | 4 layers on tar mastic: a) roofing waterproofing roofing tile TG-350 or TG-300( GOST 10999-76) b) roofing tiles of waterproofing anthracene waterproofing mark TAG-350 | gravel layer on tar pitch in accordance with clause 2.10 |
| K-1A | Same | For roofs filled with water - layerGravel with a thickness of 20 mm per tar | ||
| K-2 | 4 layers on bituminous mastic: a) hydroisol of grades GI-G, GI-K( GOST 7415-74 * b) of roofing material of antiseptic tar brand RMD-350 c) waterproofing roofing with cover film of TG-350 gradeor TG-300( GOST 10999-76) d) roofing waterproofing anthracene waterproofing tag TAG-350 | Gravel layer on tar or antiseptic bituminous mastic | ||
| K-2A | Same | For roofs filled with water, a layer of gravel 20 mm thicktar or antiseptic bituminous mastic | ||
| K-3 | 4 layers of stThe clay-ruberoid brand C-RM( GOST 15879-70) on bituminous mastic | The gravel layer on the antiseptic bituminous mastic | ||
| K-3A | 4 layers on the antiseptic bituminous mastic: a) ruberoid with an elastic cover layer of mark ReM-350 b) ruberoid antiseptized tar gradeRMD-350 c) ruberoid roofing with fine-grained packing of grades RKM-350B, RKM-350V( GOST 10923-76) d) ruberoid lining with a dusty sprinkling of grades РПП-350Б, РПП-350В( GOST 10923-76) | Same | ||
| К-4 | 5 layers on tar mastic: a) roofing sheet waterproofing with a cut(TG-350 or TG-300)( GOST 10999-76) b) roofing waterproofing anthracene waterproofing mark TAG-350 | For operating roofs - in accordance with cl. 2.11 | ||
| K-4A | 5 layers on antiseptic bituminous mastic: a) waterproofing grades GI-G, GI-K( GOST 7415-74 *) b) ruberoid antiseptic tar grade RMD-350 | For roofs in operation - in accordance with cl. 2.11 | ||
| Mastic | K-5 | 4 layers of bitumen or bitumen-rubber mastic with four reinforcing gaskets made of fiberglass of grades ВВ-Г, ВВ-K or from a glass mesh of CCC, SS-1 | Gravel on an antiseptic bitumen mastic or bituminous rubber mastic | |
| 2,5 - less than 10 | Roll | K-6 | 3 layers on tar: a) roofing waterproofing foil with a cover filmTG-350 or TG-300( GOST 10999-76) b) roofing tiles of waterproofing anthracene waterproofing brand TAG-350 c) ruberoid antiseptic tar grade RMD-350 | Gravel layer on tar or bitumen mastic |
| K-7 | 3 layers on bitumen mastic: a) glass-ruberoid of C-RM brand( GOST 15879-70) b) ruberoid with elastic cover layer of mark ReM-350 c) ruberoid roofing with fine-grained packing of RKM-350B grades, RKM-350V( GOST 10923-76) d) ruberoid lining with dusting of grades РПП-350Б, РПП-350B( GOST 10923-76) | Gravel layer on bituminous mastic | ||
| Mastic | K-8 | 3 layers of bitumen or bitumen-rubber mastic with four reinforcing gaskets made of glass-fiber sheets of grades BB-1, BB-K or from glass mesh of CCC, SS-1 | Gravel layer on bitumen or bitumen-rubber mastic | |
| 10-25 | Rolled | K-9 | 2 layers( bottom) on bituminous mastic: a) glass-ruberoid of C-RM brand( GOST 15879-70) b) ruberoid with elastic cover layer of mark ReM-350 c) ruberoid lining antiseptized tarRoof ruberoid with fine-grained packing of RKM-350B grades, RKM-350V( GOST 10923-76) e) ruberoid lining with a dusting powder of grades РПП-350Б, РПП-350В( GOST 10923-76) f) ruberoid liningwith a fine-grained sprinkling of grades RPM-300A, RPM-300B, RPM-300V( GOST 10923-76) g) glassine of roofing marks P-350, P-300( GOST 2697-75) 1 layer( top) on bituminous mastic: a) glass-ruberoid of grades С-РК, С-РЧ( GOST 15879-70) b) ruberoid with coarse-grained sprinkling of antiseptized tar grade RDD-420, RKD-350 c) ruberoid with coloreda ruberoid with an elastic cover layer and coarse-grained or scaly powder of the mark RaK-420 or Reh-350 g) roofing roofing material with coarse-grained or scaly powder of RKK-500A, RKK-400A, RKK-400B, RKK-400V grades, RKhCH-350B, RKhCh-350V,( GOST 10923-76) | In valleys - a layer of gravel along the width of the reinforcement of the waterproofing carpet in accordance withp. 2.3 |
| Mastic | K-10 | 2 layers of bitumen or bitumen-rubber mastic, reinforced with two gaskets of glass fiber of grades BB-G, BB-K or from a glass mesh of CCC, SS-1 grades;1 layer( top) of ruberoid with coarse-grained or scaly powder( in accordance with the type of roofing K-9) on bitumen or bitumen-rubber mastic | In the valley - a layer of gravel along the width of the reinforcement of the main waterproof carpet | |
| Roll | K-11 | 2 layers(lower) weldable ruberoid of the brand RM-500-2;1 layer( top) of the weldable ruberoid of grade RK-500-2 or RK-420-1 | Same | |
| K-12 | 1 layer of( lower) weldable ruberoid of grade RM-500-2;1 layer( medium) of weldable ruberoid of the brand RM-420-1 or RM-350-1;1 layer( top) of the weldable ruberoid of the grade RK-500-2 or RK-350-1 | In the valleys - a layer of gravel along the width of the reinforcement of the main waterproof carpet | ||
| Notes: 1. It is necessary to provide priming of the glass mesh with a fifth grade bitumen solution in kerosene prepared in the ratioby weight 1: 2.In mastic roofs reinforced with a glass net, it is allowed to reduce the number of layers of mastic and reinforced pads by one layer.2. In roofs of type K-9 it is not necessary to apply lining ruberoid and pergam on the basis of heat-insulating materials( without the device of a coupler).3. Roof types K-1 - K-5 on the lanterns should consist of a three-layer waterproofing carpet and a protective layer of gravel.4. It is necessary to provide for the coloring of K-9-K-12 roofs with BT-177 paint( GOST 5631-70 *).if their top layer does not have a roofing material with coarse-grained or scaly powder. The project should indicate that the color should be renewed in 2-3 years.5. For residential buildings erected in I and II climatic regions, it is permissible, with a feasible feasibility study on 2-3% slopes, to design roofs of type K-9, including 3 lower layers of these materials and 1 top layer of glass fiber of C grade-RK or from ruberoid with colored rag-mark of RCC-420 grade or from roofing material with coarse-grained sprinkle of RKK-500A, RKK-400A, RKK-400B, RKK-400V grades.6. Roofs filled with water can be envisaged in accordance with the calculation of heat resistance in areas with an average monthly temperature of July 25 ° C and above. |
2. Roofing from rolled and MATERIALS
roofing structures and applied MATERIALS
2.1.Roofs made of rolled and mastic materials, depending on the slopes and the materials used, should be provided according to Table.2.
Table 2
2.2.Mastics for the device of roofs should be appointed depending on the area of construction, type and slope of roofs in accordance with Table.3.
Table 3
| Construction areas | Mastic | Mastic grades for | |||
| roof sections with slope% | junction points | ||||
| less than 2,5 | 2,5 - less than 10 | 10 - 25 | |||
| North of geographical latitude 50 ° for European and 53° for the Asian parts of the USSR | Tar hot( GOST 3580-67) | mdk-G-50 | mdk-g-60 | Not allowed. | MDK-G-70 |
| Bituminous hot( GOST 2889-67) | MBK-G-55 | MBK-G-65 | MBK-G-75 | MBK-G-85 | |
| Bituminous hot hot | MBR-G-55 | MBR-G-65 | MBD-G-75 | MBD-G-85 | |
| Bituminous cold | MBK-X-65 | Not allowed | |||
| Bitumen-latex cooler cold | BLK-X-65 | The same | |||
| Bitumen-kukersalcold | BK-X-65 | Same | |||
| South of these areas | Hot bit by bit( GOST 3580-67) | MDK-G-60 | MDK-G-70 | Not allowed | mdk-g-80 |
| isotum hot( GOST 2889-67) | MBK-G-65 | MBK-G-75 | MBK-G-85 | MBK-G-100 | |
| Bituminous rubber hot | MBR-G-65 | MBR-G-75 | MBD-G-85 | MBD-G-100 | |
| Bituminous cold | MBK-X-75 | Not allowed | |||
| Bitumen-latex coolers cold | BLK-X-75 | ||||
| Bitumno-kukersolnaya cold | BK-X-75 | Same | |||
| Notes: 1. The number in the brand of mastic is the temperature of its heat resistance, ° C.2. Hot and cold bituminous mastics for sticking non-antisepted ruberoids( on cardboard basis) on roofs with a slope of up to 2.5% should be antiseptic by adding silicofluoride( GOST 87-66 *) or fluoride( GOST 2871-75)5% of the weight of bitumen( or by adding other fungicides), low-grade asbestos should be used as filler for such mastics. The composition of cold bitumen-latex-kukersolnyh and bitumen-kukersolnyh mastics to introduce antiseptic additives is not required.3. Bituminous mastics used for roofs with a slope of up to 10%, and which are likely to be affected by an alkaline medium, should contain additions of chlorosulfonopolyethylene varnish in an amount of 3-5%( based on dry matter), bitumen weights and fine-grained fillers from carbonate rocks( chalk, limestone).4. Do not use tar and cold( on solvents) bitumen mastics for roofs, performed on foam polystyrene, mineral wool, fiberglass slabs and composite insulation with the use of expanded polystyrene.5. Cold mastics are not allowed to be used for gluing ruberoids with a base of glass materials.6. For roofs with variable gradient( for example, in coverings with segmental trusses), the brand of mastic is assigned to the largest value of the roof slope. |
Hot mastic layers in the waterproofing carpet should have a thickness of 2 mm, and a cold one - 1 mm.
2.3.In roofs with a slope of 2.5% or more in the areas of the banks, reinforcement of the main waterproofing carpet should be provided with two layers of roll roofing materials( with roll roofs) or with two mastic layers reinforced with glass materials( with mastic roofs), which must be planted on the surface of the rampfrom the inflection line) by not less than 750 mm. In the roofs of types K-9 to K-12, it is necessary to provide for the construction of a protective layer in accordance with paragraph 2.10 on the width of the reinforcement of the main waterproof carpet.
2.4.The roofing edge( with a slope of 2.5% or more) should be reinforced for a width of 0.25 m on each side with one layer of roll roofing material( with roll roofing) or with one mastic layer reinforced with a glass fleece or a glass net( with mastic roofs).
2.5.In the places where the roofs adjoin the walls, mines, lanterns, and expansion joints, the layers of the main waterproofing carpet in the roll roofing should be reinforced with three layers of rolled roofing materials( the top layer should have coarse or scaly powder), and in the mastic roofs - with three layers of mastics reinforced with glass materials(the surface of the junctions should be painted with BT-177 paint in accordance with GOST 5631-70 *).
For layers of additional waterproofing carpet, it is necessary to provide for the use of mastics with increased heat resistance according to Table.3.
Layers of a waterproof carpet with a wall height of up to 450 mm should be placed on their upper edge;at a higher altitude, the layers of the waterproofing carpet should be fixed to vertical surfaces in accordance with the parts diagrams in app.6.
The upper edge of the additional waterproofing carpet must be fixed and protected from precipitation of atmospheric precipitation by galvanized roofing steel or parapet slabs. It is necessary to provide filling of seams between parapet plates with sealing mastics.
2.6.Cornice sections of roofs with external drainage should be reinforced with two layers of waterproof carpet for a width of at least 400 mm;on sections of cornices extending beyond the outer edge of the walls, the slope of the roof should be no less than on the plane of the roof adjacent to the cornice.
2.7.To pass through the roof of pipes, shafts of roof fans and other devices, load-bearing slabs or floor coverings should be fitted with steel pipes not less than 300 mm high with flanges or reinforced concrete cups. These places should be reinforced with two layers of waterproof carpet and protected with an umbrella made of galvanized steel according to Fig.3 of the appendix 6.
2.8.In the places where the anchor bolts pass, rise of the base under the roof should be provided to seal the layers of the main and additional waterproof carpet in the same way as in the places where the roof joins the protruding structural elements or reinforced with a layer of sealing mastic.
2.9.For protective aprons, expansion joints in expansion joints, elements of external gutters, finishing of parapets and overhangs of cornices, it is necessary to provide:
galvanized roofing steel 0.5-0.8 mm thick( GOST 7118-54 ** and GOST 8075-56 **).For protective aprons, profiled sheets of 2 mm polyester fiberglass are allowed;
galvanized roofing nails K-3,5'40( GOST 4030-63);
steel strips 4'40 mm( GOST 103-76), zinc-plated or anti-corrosion paint - for fixing the waterproofing carpet and protective aprons to concrete surfaces;
sealing mastics: AM-0.5, elastosil 11-06, UT-31, UT-32, etc. Top of mastic must be protected with cement mortar or painted with BT-177 paint( GOCT 5631-70 *).
2.10.Gravel in accordance with GOST 8268-74 * for the protective layer of roofs should be dry, dust-free, have grain size of 5-10 mm and a frost resistance grade of no lower than 100, and in construction areas with an average daily temperature of minus 35 ° C - no lower than 75. It is permissibleApplication for protective layer of stone crumbs, corresponding to specified requirements.
The thickness of the protective layer of gravel should be 10 mm, and on roofs of coatings using a metal profiled part( with a roof slope of up to 125%) and on roofs filled with water, 20 mm.
For the protective layer of gravel it is necessary to provide a hot mastic. The thickness of the layer of mastic should not be more than 2 mm, and on the roofs filled with water, 3 mm.
Bituminous and bituminous-rubber mastics for the protective layer of roofs types K-2 - K-3A, K-4A, K-6 must be antiseptic( against germination) with additives of powder herbicides: monuron or simazine( GOST 15123-69)0,3-0,5% or amine, sodium salt 2,4D in an amount of 1-1,5% of the weight of bitumen.
2.11.Protective layers of roofs to be exploited should be provided from concrete, reinforced concrete and other slabs, from cement-sand mortar or sand asphalt concrete with a thickness of at least 30 mm: the frost resistance grade of protective layer materials should be not less than 100.
In the sections of roofs intended for industrial purposesareas for cleaning industrial dust, installation sites, etc.), it is necessary to provide protective layers of cement-sand mortar, sandy asphalt concrete and plate materials laid on the cementsand and sand. In the protective layer, it is necessary to provide temperature-shrinkage seams with a width of 10 mm( no more than 1.5 m in mutually perpendicular directions), supplemented by sealing bridges.
On the roofs to be used for solaria, playgrounds, etc., a protective layer should be provided from the slabs over a layer of quartz sand with a thickness of at least 30 mm.
On the surface of the main waterproof carpet roofing K-4 and K-4A, it is necessary to provide for the application of a continuous layer of hot roofing mastic 2 mm thick. Bitumen mastics should be antiseptic against germination in accordance with 2.10.
The construction of the passages to the sections to be exploited should be taken by analogy with the construction of the roofs in use or for the provision of wooden gratings for the passages.
2.12.With the possible impact of alkaline industrial emissions on the roof areas with a slope of 10% or more on the waterproofing carpet, it is necessary to envisage the application of mastic roofing, a gumming compound based on Naryte NT or a composition based on chlorosulfonated polyethylene and bitumen in a ratio of 1: 2.The thickness of the alkali-resistant layer should be 0.5 mm.
2.13.On the roofs filled with water, water supply points should be provided with wooden or metal shields, protecting the roof from direct exposure to water.
SOLUTION OF COATING ELEMENTS AND SELECTION OF TYPES ROOF
2.14.The structural elements of the coatings and the types of roofs from roll materials and mastics, reinforced with glass materials, should be taken in accordance with app.2.
2.15.Complex plates, panels and assembly blocks of coatings of increased construction readiness should have at least one layer of waterproofing carpet.
2.16.As a base under the roof, structural elements of coatings without screeds on their surface should be provided:
a) heat-insulating layers of types T-1 - T-7, T-9, T-10, T-16( according to Appendix 4) in coatings of typesP-1 - P-3;
b) flat surfaces of load-bearing plates in coatings types P-5 - P-8.
It is allowed to provide leveling of the surface of reinforced concrete slabs with a cement-sand mortar grade 50 with a thickness of 10 mm( type of screed S-1) in P-5 coatings.
2.17.According to the thermal insulation of perlitobitum( type T-8), light concrete, fibrolite slabs, foam glass( type T-11) and concrete( for example, large porous claydite concrete) monolithic masonry( type T-12), it is allowed to provide a screed from a cement-sand mortarbrand 50 with a thickness of 15 mm( type of screed S-2).
2.18.For filling heaters( type T-15), the use of which is allowed only on the organic areas of the construction site, it is necessary to provide a screed of a cement-sand mortar of increased rigidity( sediment of a cone up to 30 mm) grade 100 25 mm thick( type C-3 screed).
2.19.If it is necessary to produce works in winter conditions for the preparation of cement-sand mortar, it is necessary to envisage the use of expanded clay sand with the addition of potash in an amount of 10-15% of the cement weight;solution should be grade 100.
In the autumn-winter period for monolithic and slab heaters it is allowed to provide a screed made of sandy asphalt concrete 15 mm thick( compressive strength not less than 8 kgf / cm2 at 50 ° C);for the preparation of asphalt concrete, bitumen should be used with a paraffin content of not more than 3.5%;the heat resistance of sandy asphalt concrete must exceed the maximum air temperature in the construction area by at least 2 times. Screeds from sandy asphalt concrete are not allowed to provide for roof slopes more than 25%, for filling and compressible heaters, for gluing roll materials on cold roofing mastics.
In the screeds it is necessary to provide temperature-shrinkage seams up to 5 mm wide, dividing the surface of the screed from the cement-sand mortar into sections with a size not exceeding 6'6 m, and from the sandy asphalt concrete - to areas not exceeding 4'4 m;in coatings with load-bearing slabs 6 m in length these areas should be 3'3 m. The temperature-shrinkage seams in screeds should be located above the end seams of bearing plates and over temperature-shrinkage seams in layers of monolithic thermal insulation.
2.20.Thermal shrinkage joints in screeds, heat-insulating materials of monolithic packing and over the butt-joints of load-bearing plates( insulated or complex insulated) shall be provided with the laying of strips 150 mm wide from a roofing felt with sprinkling( for example, grades RKhCh-350V, RPP-300V, etc.).and dot gluing them on one side of the seam.
Under the face joints of skeleton asbestos-cement slabs( in P-7 type coatings) and reinforced lightweight concrete slabs with holes( in P-8 coatings), before laying strips of roofing material, one side of the strip of galvanized roofing steel with a width of 100mm. It is necessary to provide for sealing of these joints with heat-insulating materials to the bottom of ventilated layers or channels.
2.21.At the junction of the roofs to the walls, mines and other structural elements, the base under the waterproof carpet should be the smooth vertical surfaces of the structures and the transient inclined edges( at an angle of 45) of a height of at least 100 mm from thermal insulation materials used as the base under the roof or from the lightconcrete grade 50, cement-sand mortar, sand asphalt concrete. The walls of brick and blocks in these places are leveled with a cement-sand mortar grade 50.
2.22.On the surface of the base of concrete or cement-sand mortar should be provided priming:
bitumen solution of the fifth grade in kerosene or solar oil in a ratio( by weight from 1: 2 to 1: 3 in the construction of roofs on bituminous mastics,
solution of coal tar pitch in benzeneor anthracene oil in a ratio( by weight) from 1: 2 to 1: 3 in the installation of roofs on tar mastics
2.23 The thermal insulation layer should be provided in accordance with the heat engineering calculation, annexes 2, 4 and can be of non-combustiblecombustible and combustible materials
In ventilated and attic coverings, the thermal insulation layer must be made of non-combustible or hard combustible materials, and the substrate under the thermal insulation layer must be of non-combustible materials.
2.24 Steam insulation( to protect the thermal insulation layer and the base under the roof from moisture penetration from the room with moisture) should be providedIn accordance with the calculation of the chapter on construction norms and norms for building heat engineering,5.
2.25.In places where the coatings adhere to walls, lantern walls, mines and equipment passing through the coating, the vapor barrier must continue to a height equal to the thickness of the thermal insulation layer, and at the places of the expansion joints the vapor barrier must overlap the edges of the metal compensator.
2.26.The deformation joints in the height differences of buildings should have compensators and aprons made of galvanized roofing steel. The design of the expansion joints should ensure that the roof is not drained during the temperature-sedimentary deformations of buildings.
In the expansion joints with inserts, non-combustible( mineral wool, etc.) heaters should be used.
2.27.In the projects of coatings of buildings with metal profiled flooring and a heat-insulating layer of combustible and hard combustible materials, it is necessary to provide for the filling of the cavities of the deck edges with a length of 250 mm with a non-combustible material( mineral wool, etc.) at the junction of the flooring to the walls, expansion joints,and also on each side of the roof ridge and valley. In the location of external fire stairs, external riser pipes( not filled with water) with a nominal conduit diameter of 80 mm, equipped with connecting heads GM-80( GOST 2217-76) at the upper and lower ends of the riser should be provided.
2.28 . In the places of height differences in the lowered sections of roofs( with an external unorganized gutter), a protective layer should be provided in accordance with clause 2.11 of these Norms for a width of at least 0.75 m.
3. ROOF OF
ASBESTOCEMENT WIRE SHEETS CONSTRUCTIONS ROOFINGS AND APPLICABLE MATERIALS
3.1.The roof structures depending on the slopes and applied asbestos-cement wavy sheets should be provided according to Table.4.
Table 4 *
| Roof grade,%, not less than | Roof type | Roof type | Applied materials | Estimated span between sheet supports, mm, not more than |
| 10 | Asbestos cement wavy | Cl - 1 | Asbestos-cement corrugated sheets of unified profile type UV-7.5-1750;UV-7,5-2,000;UV-7,5-2500;UV-6-1750;UV-6-2000( GOST 16233-77) | 1500 |
| 20 | Cl-2 | Same without sealing connections | 1500 | |
| 10 | Cl-3 | Asbestos-cement corrugated sheets of reinforced profile of VU-K grades( GOST 8423-75) with sealing of longitudinal and transverse joints between sheets | 1250 | |
| 20 | Cl-4 | Same without sealed connections | 1250 | |
| 10 | Cl-5 | Asbestos-cement corrugated sheets of medium profile type CB-1750( GOST 20430-75) with sealing of longitudinal and transverse joints | 750 | |
| 25 | Cl - 6 | Same without sealing connections | 750 | |
| Remarks: * 2. In areas with prolonged snowstorms( with the volume of snow carried over the winter more than 200 m3 / m, determined by the norms of construction climatology), it is necessary to provide for the sealing of transverse joints with belts of compressible materials( for example, gernite, elastic polyurethane foam according to GOST 10174-72, etc.), meeting the requirements of the relevant technicalconditions. In storage buildings for storage of grain, regardless of the roof slope, it is necessary to provide for the compaction of longitudinal and transverse connections between the sheets.3. It is allowed, with the appropriate justification, to use asbestos-cement sheets of other brands. When using asbestos cement sheets VO( GOST 378-76), the roof slope should be 25-33%, in the calculated span between the sheet supports( crate) - no more than 525 mm. If the roof slope is 25%, the overlap of the sheets along the ramp should be at least 200 mm, the roof slope length not more than 9 m. With a slope of 33% and overlapping of sheets of at least 120 mm, the roof slope length should not exceed 15 m. In IVA and IVGclimatic subareas with a roof slope of up to 9 m and overlapping sheets along a slope of at least 200 mm it is allowed to provide asbestos-cement roofing from sheets of VO and sheets of other species with a slope of 10% without sealing the joints. To fix VO sheets, it is necessary to provide galvanized nails in accordance with GOST 9870-61 *. |
3.2.Across the roof slope, the wave of the overlapping edge of the asbestos-cement sheet should overlap the wave of the overlapping edge of the adjacent sheet.
Along the roof slope, the overlap of the asbestos-cement sheets must be at least 150 and not more than 300 mm.
3.3.To seal joints between asbestos-cement sheets in roofs of types Kl-1, Kl-3, Kl-5, sealant mastics should be provided in accordance with these Norms.
3.4.When designing asbestos-cement roofs( Kl-1 - Kl-6 types), it is necessary to envisage the use of sheets with only cut corners.
Ordinary sheets must have cut diagonal opposite angles. Cornice, ridge and edge sheets must have one cut angle. The corners are not cut only at the initial cornice and end ridge sheets.
3.5.Fastening of asbestos-cement sheets to steel and reinforced concrete runs should be provided with the help of steel galvanized hooks or staples, and to wooden bars - galvanized screws( according to GOST 1144-70 *).Sheets SV-1750 can be fixed to wooden bars with galvanized nails that meet the requirements of the relevant specifications.
Hooks, staples, screws and galvanized nails should be included with steel zinc-plated washers and soft gaskets.
With the estimated wind suction up to 60 kgf / m2 in ordinary roofing sheets, the fastening devices are installed on the lower run on the crest of the second wave, counting from the covering( one attachment per sheet).In the cornice and edge covering sheets, attachments are additionally installed along the crests of the waves preceding the wave to be covered, and in the ridge sheets and along the crests of the second wave, along the upper girders. With a wind suction of more than 60 kgf / m2, the sheet fastening devices are additionally installed on the crest of the wave preceding the covered one.
3.6.To compensate for deformations in the roofs from corrugated asbestos-cement sheets, it is necessary to provide the deformation joints through 12-18 m.
With a building length of up to 25 m, expansion joints in asbestos-cement roofs are not required.
3.7. * With the remark of ridge simplified details on the ridge part of asbestos-cement roofs, it is necessary to provide filling of cavities between the waves with cement mortar grade 50 for a length of 150 mm.
3.8.In places where ventilation units, mines and other engineering equipment pass( which should be located in the ridge part of the roof), transitional parts, protective aprons made of galvanized roofing steel and hermetic connection to the walls of blocks, mines or equipment should be provided.
3.9.At the abutments of the roof to the walls should provide protective aprons from galvanized roofing steel, the upper end of which must be fixed to the wall and sealed. The lower end of the aprons must cover at least one wave;On the roof slope protective aprons should have a lapping of at least 100 mm.
3.10.Antenna racks and various rods for securing the braces must pass through the holes in the crest of the sheets, rigidly connect to the supporting structures and protect against water leakage.
3.11.On the roofs it is necessary to provide for the installation of decking with a width of 400 mm from the boards along the skates, along the roof slope at the end walls, the expansion joints, and also in the passageways to the ventilation and other serviced equipment.
SOLUTION OF COATING ELEMENTS AND SELECTION OF TYPES ROOF
3.12.Types of roofs from sheet materials and structural elements of coatings of buildings and structures should be taken in accordance with app.3.
3.13. * As a base( supports) for asbestos-cement sheets, steel, reinforced concrete or wooden girders should be included, and when boards are used, boards should be provided with planking.
3.14.In heat-insulating coatings of the Pl-2 type, it is necessary to provide a vapor barrier layer at the seams between the plates, near the plates' joints to the walls, expansion joints, at the places of passage through the coverings of the shafts and pipes( to prevent moisture from damaging the thermal insulation and condensation on the inner surface of the roofing sheets.
3.15 When designing multi-span buildings with heat-insulated coatings of the Pl-2 type in areas of medium ends, it is allowed to provide a roof of roll materials in accordance with the directions of sectionla 2 of these Norms.
5. ACTIVITIES FOR RELIABLE RELIABILITY ROOF
5.1.For buildings and structures erected in the northern construction and climatic zone, roll and mastic roofs with a slope, as a rule, up to 2.5% should be envisaged.
5.2.To prevent the occurrence of blisters between the base and the waterproofing carpet, it is necessary to provide non-glued stripes 50-100 mm wide at the seams between the heat-insulating slabs along the roof slope in coatings of types P-1, P-3, and in coatings with vapor barrier and leveling screeds( with the roof slope notmore than 8%) - strip or dot bonding of the bottom layer of waterproofing carpet.
Spot and strip bonding should be uniform and account for 25-35% of the area of glued ruberoid panels, and their rolling should be provided along the roof slope, the upper edge of the ridge on the ridge section of the roof should pass to the opposite surface of the ramp at least 1 m.
On the cornices and in the places where the roofs are adjacent to the protruding structural elements, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of air escape from all non-glued areas.
5.3.For ventilation of the attic space in the longitudinal outer walls of buildings with attic covers, it is necessary to provide for the device of supply and exhaust openings with a total cross-sectional area in each wall of at least 1: 500 coverage area or a device in the cover of the dormer windows. Supply and exhaust openings must have a metal grid with cells no larger than 20'20 mm.
Unvented air interlayers( voids) in building coverings are allowed above rooms with a relative air importance of not more than 60%;In non-ventilated coatings, it is not permitted to use wood and heat-insulating materials on its basis.
5.4.The required height of the ventilated air layer above the thermal insulation in the P-7, Pl-2 type coating is determined on the basis of calculation of its drying effect for the annual operation period and should be not less than 50 mm. The area of supply and exhaust openings should be no less than the area of the ventilated layer.
5.5.Channels in type P-8 coating should be provided if the initial moisture content of lightweight concrete exceeds 15%( by weight), and relative humidity of the air in the room is higher than 60%.
5.6.To reduce deformation of shrinkage and warpage, hydrophobization of the outer side of asbestos-cement sheets with silicone fluid GKZh-94 according to GOST 10834-64 or GKZh-11 by MITU 6-02-271-63 or paint with BT-177 paint according to GOST 5631-70 should be envisaged. *
5.7.Asbestos cement roofs should be as simple as possible. It is necessary to provide for the sealing of longitudinal and transverse joints between roofing sheets, if the cornice roofs have shading( from solar radiation) adjacent buildings.
5.8.The diameter of the holes in the asbestos-cement sheets should be 2-3 mm larger than the diameter of the rod of the fastening element.
Asbestos-cement sheets are not allowed to be taken into account when calculating the rigidity of load-bearing coating structures.
APPENDIX 1
Definition of the main terms
Roof is the top element of the cover, protecting the building against the penetration of atmospheric precipitation.
Base under the roof - surface of thermal insulation, supporting plates or screeds, over which are pasted layers of waterproof carpet( rolled or mastic).In roofs on asbestos cement wavy sheets - supports for fastening sheets( runs or crate).
The main waterproof carpet ( in the composition of rolled and mastic roofs) - layers of roll materials on mastics or layers of mastics, reinforced with glass materials, consistently performed on the base under the roof.
Additional waterproof carpet ( rolled or mastic) - layers of roll materials or mastics, reinforced with glass materials, made to strengthen the main waterproof carpet in valleys, on cornice areas, in places adjacent to walls, mines and other structural elements.
Protective layer is a roofing element protecting the main waterproof carpet from mechanical damage, direct exposure to atmospheric factors, solar radiation and the spread of fire over the roof surface.
Cover - the upper enclosure of the building to protect the premises from external climatic factors and impacts. In the presence of space( through passage or semi-pass) above the ceiling of the upper floor, the cover is called attic.
APPENDIX 2
Coating solutions with coiled and mastic roofs
| Coating type | Coating scheme | Coating elements |
| P-1 - insulated with profiled decking and thermal insulation - under the roof | 1 - roofing types K-2, K-3,K-3A, K-7( in Table 2); 2 - roofing K-1, K-2, K-3, K-3A, K-6, K-7; | |
| P-2 - insulated, including from panels with profiled decking and thermal insulation - under the roof of the roof | 3 - roof K-1 - K-3A, K-5 - K-8; 4 -sheets of K-9 - K-12; 5 - screed type C-2( in clause 2.17); 6 - screed C-3( in clause 2.18); 7 - heat insulation types T-1, T-3 - T-6, T-16( in appendix 4); | |
| P-3 - insulated with reinforced concrete slabs and thermal insulation - base under the roof( including from integrated boards) | 8 - heat insulation T-7, T-10; 9 - heat insulation T-2, T-9; 10 - thermal insulation T-3 - T-5; 11 - heat insulation T-7, T-9, T-10; 12 - heat insulation T-8, T-11, T-12; | |
| P-4 - insulated with reinforced concrete slabs and screeds for thermal insulation( including complex boards) | 13 - thermal insulation T-15; 14 - vapor barrier types B-1, B-2( in appendix 5); 15 - vapor barrier B-2 - B-8; 16 - profiled steel decking; | |
| P-5 - unheated or insulated attic with a roof over reinforced concrete slabs | 17 - reinforced concrete slabs; 18 - bonding areas for vapor barrier insulation with | |
| P-6 flooring - insulated with asbestos-cement hollow plates | 1 - roof types K-2, K-3, K-3A, K-7, K-8; 1 - roofing K-1 - K-3A, K-5 - K-8; | |
| P-7 - insulated with asbestos-cement frameworks and ventilated air layer | 2 - roofing K-9 - K-12; 3 - K-4, K-4A, 4 - screed type C-2; 5 - Screed C-3; 6 - sheathing of asbestos-cement slab 7 - heat insulation T-14; | |
| P-8 - insulated with ribbed or flat slabs of reinforced lightweight concrete | 8 - heat insulation T-8, T-11, T-12; 9 - heat insulation T-15; 10 - thermal insulation T-13( bearing plate); 11 - vapor barrier V-9 - B-11; 12 - vapor barrier V-9, V-10; | |
| P-9 - exploited | 13 - vapor barrier B-1, B-11, B-12; 14 - bearing reinforced concrete slab; 15 - ventilated air interlayer; 16 - ventilation ducts 50 - 60 mm in diameter through 150 - 250 mm |
APPENDIX 3
Solutions for roofing elements with asbestos-cement corrugated sheets
| Type of thermal insulation | Thermal insulation materials | Strength, kgf / cm2, not less | |
| for compression | for bending | ||
| t-1 | With additives of antipyrene foam polystyrene( GOST 15588-70 *) or foamed polyurethane plates or composite foams based on foam polystyrene or polyurethane foam | 1,5 | 1,8 |
| t-2 | With additives of antipirrants, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam, a monolithic layer or a layer of composite foams based on polystyrene or polyurethane foam | 1,5 | - |
| t-3 | Hydrophobized mineral wool boards of increased rigidity made from hydromassage | 1 | - |
| T-4 | Same as the pressing method | 0,8 | - |
| T-5 | Hydrophobized glass plates | 0,6 | - |
| T-6 | Plates perlitoplastbotonnye | 2 | - |
| T-7 | Plates | ||
| perlitofosfogelevye( GOST 21500-76) | 4,5 | 2,5 | |
| from perlite lightweight | 3 | 2 | |
| T-8 | Perlite bituminous plates( GOST 16136-70) | - | 2 |
| T-9 | Perlitebitsolid | 1,5 | - |
| T-10 | Calibrated plates of cellular concrete with hydrophobization | 8 | - |
| T-11 | Plates: | ||
| of lightweight concrete | 5 | - | |
| of cellular concrete( GOST 5742-76) | 8 | - | |
| fibrolite(GOST 8928-70) | - | 4 | |
| of foamed glass | 5 | - | |
| T-12 | Lightweight insulating concrete for monolithic laying( mainly in complex boards) | 2 | - |
| T-13 | Slabs of reinforced lightweight concrete( GOST 7741-66) | Determined by the calculation of | |
| T-14 | Minealumite slabs rigid and semi-rigid( GOST 9573-72 *) | - | - |
| T-15 | Ceramsite( GOST 9759-71), shungisite( GOST 19345-73), perlite( GOST 10832-74 *), vermiculite( GOST 12865-67) and other heat-insulating backfills with a bulk density of up to 600 kgf / m3( mainly in complex boards) | - | - |
| T-16 | Foam plates based on resolible phenol-formaldehyde resins( GOST 20916-75) | 2 | 2,6 |
| Notes: 1. The compressive strength of the thermal insulation T-1-T-6, T-16 is determined at 10% deformation.2. Plates in types of thermal insulation T-7 are recommended to be pasted with a roofing material to reduce damage and protection from moisture.3. In the thermal insulation type T-15, granules of smaller fractions must be laid from above and compacted.4. Heat-insulating layers of monolithic laying( types T-9, T-12) should be divided by temperature-shrinkage plates into sections with a size not exceeding 3'3 m. In coatings with steel profiled decks, these seams should be located above girders and trusses, and in coatingswith reinforced concrete slabs - over the end joints of the bearing slabs.5. Do not directly contact the thermal insulation type T-16 with steel profiled decks.6. In a thermal insulation of the T-1 type, the plate with a compressive strength of 1 kgf / m 2 is allowed under the condition of pre-gluing them with a ruberoid to increase the strength at punching. |
| Coating type | Coating scheme | Coating elements |
| Pl-1 - non-insulated( or attic) | 1 - roofing Cl-1 - Cl-4; 2 - roof Cl-5, Cl-6; 3 - steel or reinforced concrete runs( in clause 3.13); | |
| Pl-2 - insulated with reinforced concrete or asbestos-cement bearing plates and a ventilated air layer | 4 - wooden bars; 5 - heat insulation T-14( in appendix 4); 6 - vapor barrier B-9 - B-11( in appendix 5); 7 - vapor barrier B-1, B-2; 8 - reinforced concrete slab; 9 - bottom lining of asbestos-cement slab |
APPENDIX 4 *
Types of thermal insulation
APPENDIX 5
Types of vapor barrier
| Type of vapor barrier | Material of vapor barrier | Rated resistance of vapor barrier, m2 × h × mm Hg. |
| B-1 | Ruberoid glued on hot bitumen and topped with bitumen( for sticking heat-insulated materials) | 12,3 |
| B-2 | Ruberoid glued on hot bitumen | 10,3 |
| -3 | Ruberoid,pasted on bitumen-kukersol mastic and topped with the same mastic | 16,4 |
| B-4 | Ruberoid pasted on bitumen-kukersol mastic | 13,1 |
| B-5 | Ruberoid | 8.3 |
| B-6 | Painting hotbitumen for 1 time | 2 |
| B-7 | Painting bitumen-kukersolno1 | 4,8 |
| B-8 | Same for 2 times | 8.1 |
| in-9 | Painting with polyvinylchloride varnish( GOST 7313-75) for 2 times | 29 |
| -10 | Painting with chlorinated rubber lacquer for2 times | 26 |
| в-11 | Polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns, pasted on bitumen-kukersol mastic( GOST 10354-73) | 1000 |
| B-12 | Izol( GOST 10296-71) | 40 |
| Notes: 1. For the vapor barrier, the roofing material of the marks RKM-350B, RCM-350V.2. When designing a vapor barrier B-1-B-4 on concrete surfaces of load-bearing reinforced concrete slabs, it may be provided for grouting them with a cement-sand mortar of the design grade 50 with a thickness of 5 mm.3. For vapor insulation of longitudinal and transverse joints between panels in a P-2 type coating( Appendix 2), it is necessary to envisage the use of sealing mastics in accordance with clause 2.9 of these Norms. |
APPENDIX 6
Roof detail diagrams
Fig.1. Examples of contiguity of roofs
and - to walls with a height of more than 450 mm; b - the same, when performing activities under paragraph 5.2; 1 - the main waterproof carpet( according to Table 2); 2 - a layer of additional waterproofing carpet with a top layer of roofing material( or roofing felt) with coarse-grained or scaly powder( according to clause 2.5); 3 - protective layer( according to Table 2); 4 - protective apron made of galvanized roofing steel; 5 - sealing mastic( according to item 2.9); 6 - axes of fasteners( for fixing layers of waterproof carpet, protective aprons); 7 - diffusion layer( according to item 5.2), communicating with the external air
| Material name | Technical specification number | Approved by |
| Tong-waterproofing anthracene brand TAG-350 | TU 21-27-05-68 | Minstroymaterialov USSR |
| Ruberoid antiseptized tar type RMD-350, RPD-300, RKD-420, RKD-350 | TU 21-27-28-71 | The same |
| Ruberoid with a mastic cover layer of the mark PеM-350, РаК-420, РэК-350 | TU 21-27-30-72 | » |
| Ruberoid with color coating of RCC-420 | gradeTU 21-27-09-68 | » |
| Ruberoid fused with the mark PM-500-2, PK-500-2, RK-420-1 | TU 21-27-35-74 | » |
| Glass-fiber of grade BB-G, BB-K | TU 21-23-44-73 | » |
| Glass grid of the brand CCC, CC-1 | TU 6-11-99-75 | Minimhimprom of the USSR |
| Bituminous rubber mastic( hot) | TU 21-27-41-75 | Minstroymaterialov USSR |
| Bituminous mastic( cold) | TU 21-27-l6-68 | Same |
| Bitumen latex-kukersol mastic | TU 400-2-51-76 | Glavmosstroy at the Moscow City Executive Committee |
| Mastic roofing | Spec. TU 84-257-71 | Minstroymaterialov USSR |
| Gumming composition based on nayrite NT | TU 38-10-518-70 | |
| Chlorosulphonated polyethylene( LDP) | TU 02-13-47-75 | NIIZHB |
| Bituminous-butyl rubber mastic( cold) grades ÌÁÁ-Õ-120 | TU 21-27-39-74 | Minstroymaterialov USSR |
| Water suspension thiokolate T-50 | Spec. TU 38-30318-70 | The Kazan ZSD them. Kirova |
| Nairit solution NT | MRI 6-04-144-63 | Minneftekhimprom USSR |
| Sealing mastic brand AM-0,5 | Spec. TU 84-246-75 | |
| Sealing mastic brand "Elastosil 11-06" | TU 6-02-755-73 | Minimhimprom of the USSR |
| Sealing mastic brand UT-32 | TU 38-105462-72 | Minneftekhimprom USSR |
| Amine salt 2,4D | TU 6-01 -893-73 | Minhimprom of the USSR |
| Plates foamed polyurethane | TU VNIISS 67-66 TU67-78-75 TU 34-4627-75 | VNIISS Mintyazhstroy USSR USSR Ministry of Energy |
| Composite polystyrene foamBased on expanded polystyrene | TU 66-110-74 | MKSM RSFSR |
| Mononon | TU 6-I-18-67 | NIIHSZR |
| Monolithic expanded polystyrene with flame retardants | TU 5-1-02-75 | CNIISK |
| Hydrophobized mineral wool plates of increased rigidity from hydraulic fluid | TU 67-113-76 TU 21-RSFSR-3-72-76 TU 21-RSFSR-27-65-76 TU 21-UzSSR-63-76 | Mintyazhstroy USSR MPSM RSFSR Same MSSM UzSSR |
| Same of the pressing method | TU 21-Lit. SSR-39-74 | MSSM LitSSR |
| Hydrophobized glass-fiber plates | TU 400-1 / 52-62-73 | Glamosoblstroymaterialov |
| Plates perlitoplastplotonnye | TU 480-1-145-74 | Same |
| Plates from perlite lightweight | TU 21-31-7-74 | Minstroy materials USSR |
| Perlitobitumny monolithic layer | MITU 21-13-65 | Same |
| Plates from lightconcrete | TU 400-1-63-72 | The main material of |
| Foam glass board | TU 21-01-294-69 | of USSR Ministry of building materials |
| Chloride rubber varnish | STU 107-03-05-62 | USSR Minhimprom |
| Calibrated plates of cellular concrete( with hydrophobization) | TU 21-Lit. SSR-45-75 | MSSM LitSSR |
| Perlite kiln lightweight | TU 21-31-4-73 | Minstroymaterialov USSR |
| Gernit | TU 480-1-119-71 | Main building materials |
| Devices for fixing asbestos-cement corrugated sheets | MITU 7-5-61 | Gosstroi USSR |
Fig.2 . Examples of solutions of expansion joints
and - with a joint width of up to 60 mm with a semicircular compensator made of galvanized steel( with an insert width of 500 - 1000 mm the compensator is made of sheet steel 3 - 4 mm thick); b - with walls from prefabricated concrete parts; 1 - vapor barrier( according to calculation); 2 - the main waterproof carpet( according to Table 2); 3 - protective layer( according to Table 2); 4 - a layer of additional waterproofing carpet as per item 2.5( in seams with semicircular expansion joints it is made of fiberglass or glass mesh); 5 - strip of ruberoid( dry); 6 - fillet made of galvanized roofing steel; 7 - a board of roofing material( dry); 8 - fireproof mineral wool insulation; 9 - compensator with a radius of 80 mm of galvanized steel; 10 - axes of fasteners; 11 - apron made of galvanized steel; 12 - strips made of steel 4'40 mm through 600 mm; 13 - V-shaped compensator
Fig.3. An example of a solution for passing pipes
1 - the main waterproof carpet;2 - protective layer( according to Table 2);3 - a layer of additional waterproofing carpet;4 - the axis of the fastening elements;5 - umbrella made of galvanized roofing steel;6 - round or rectangular steel branch pipe with flange;7 - tarred tow;8 - clamping yoke;9 - sealing mastic;10 - through-flow pipe
Fig.4. Examples of roofing solutions in the areas of installation of drainage funnels
and - in coverings with reinforced concrete slabs with roofs in operation( see item 2.11); b - the same, with an unexploited roof; 1 - the main waterproof carpet( according to Table 2); 2 - protective layer( according to Table 2); 3 - layers of an additional waterproof carpet made of mastics, reinforced with glass cloth or fiberglass; 4 - the jet straightener of the cap of the water intake funnel; 5 - removable cover of the water intake hood; 6 - union nut with washer; 7 - clamping ring; 8 - gravel fraction not less than 15 mm; 9 - cement-sand mortar or quartz sand( according to clause 2.11); 10 - concrete or reinforced concrete tiles( according to clause 2.11); 11 - clamping yoke; 12 - bowl of the water intake funnel
APPENDIX 7
List of materials and technical specifications( as of 1 / XII 1976)
ANNEX 8
DGPO of the MOI of Russia( No. 20 /22/ 1343 of June 24, 1997) and the Gosstroy Engineering Department of RussiaNo. 13-443 of June 24, 1997) report the following.
SNiP II-26-76 "Roofing" contains requirements for the installation of a protective layer of gravel 10-20 mm thick on roofs with a slope of less than 10% of rolled and mastic materials. This requirement is due to the need to protect the multilayer waterproofing carpet, which is performed on the basis of tar, bitumen and bitumen-polymer materials, from direct exposure to atmospheric factors and solar radiation. In addition, the gravel layer helps reduce the spread of fire over the roof surface, made of materials with a high fire hazard. However, SNiP II-26-76 quantitative requirements for the level of fire protection of the roof does not show, but contains only a description of the protection of specific types of roofing gravel backfilling.
Recently, in addition to the materials listed in SNiP II-26-76, a wide range of new high-tech weatherproof roofing compositions based on polymer materials designed for the installation of a waterproofing carpet with a thickness of 2-4 mm has been developed and is widely used in construction practice. Many of these materials are less fire dangerous than conventional rolls, however, their application in combination with gravel backfilling is inexpedient.
In connection with the above, before the development of special fire protection standards for the use of new roofing materials not specified in SNiP II-26-76 and applied without gravel backfilling, the following provisions should be followed:
1. For the waterproofing carpet of the roof, a flammability group should be installed in accordance with GOST 30244-94 "Building materials - Methods of testing for combustibility" and group of flame propagation - in accordance with GOST R 51032-97 "Building materials - Test method for flame propagation".
2. When repairing the roof without removing the old waterproofing carpet, and also in cases where the base material under the roof does not belong to non-flammable( NG) test specimens as per item 1, it is necessary to manufacture with the location and thickness of the layers corresponding to the actual conditions of use.
3. The maximum permissible roof area without gravel backfilling, as well as the area of the sections separated by fire belts, should be taken according to the table.
| Flammability and flame spreading groups( RP) of waterproof roofing carpet, not lower than | Flammability group of base material under roofing, not lower than | Maximum permissible roof area without gravel backfill, m2 |
| G2, RP2 | NG, G1 | without |
| T2 restrictions, T3, T4 | 10 000 | |
| T3, IS2 | NG, G1 | 10 000 |
| G2, G3, G4 | 6500 | |
| T3, WP3 | NG, G1 | 5200 |
| T2 | 3600 | |
| T3 | 2000 | |
| T4 | 1200 | |
| T4 | NG, G1 | 3600 |
| T2 | 2000 | |
| T3 | 1200 | |
| T4 | 400 |
4The foundation under the roof is the material located directlyunder the waterproof carpet. In cases where the basement under the roof is made of a material less than 25 mm thick, the flammability of the base material under the roof should be determined by method II GOST 30244-94 on samples with a total thickness of at least 30 mm with the location and thickness of the layers corresponding to the actual conditions of use.
5. Fire belts should be made as protective layers of roofs in use( according to cl. 2.11 SNiP II-26-76) with a width of at least 6 m. Fire belts should cross the base under the roof( including thermal insulation) made of materials of flammability groups G3and G4, for the entire thickness of these materials.
Places of intersection of the roof with fire walls can be considered as a fire-fighting belt.
6. The total thickness of waterproofing carpet of flammability groups G3 and G4 during operation, including after repair, should not exceed 6 mm. Otherwise, a protective layer should be provided in accordance with SNiP II-26-76.
СНиП II-26-76 - Roofs
State Committee c About beta ministers of the USSR
for construction
GOSSTROY USSR)
BUILDING STANDARDS AND RULES
SNIP II-26-76
roof
Approved by the decision of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Constructionfrom December 31, 1976 № 226
The head of SNiP II-26-76 "Roofing" was developed by the Central Research Institute of Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee with the participation of the Central Research Institute for the Housing and Communal Services of the State Building, TsNIIEPelstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the USSR, TsNIISK them. Kucherenko Gosstroy USSR and VNIIproektasbestcementa Minstroymaterialov USSR.
With the introduction of the chapter SNiP II-26-76, the Instruction for the design of rolled and mastic roofs of buildings and structures of industrial enterprises( SN 394-74) becomes invalid.
The amendment approved by the USSR Gosstroy Decree of June 27, 1979, No. 101, and effective January 1, 1980, introduced into effect, the amended paragraphs are marked *.
| State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction( Gosstroy USSR) | Building codes and regulations | SNiP II-26-76 |
| Roofs | In return CH 394-74 |
4. WATER TREATMENT DEVICES
4.1.Removal from the roofs of rain and meltwater should be provided taking into account the design standards of the relevant buildings and structures and the requirements of building codes for the design of sewerage and gutters of buildings.
4.2.The water intake gullies of internal gutters must be located evenly along the roof area on the lowered sections along each row of the longitudinal centering axes of the building. Slopes on the valleys should not be envisaged.
4.3.To maintain the water level, if it is necessary to cool the roof with water, it is necessary to provide for the installation of removable overflow nozzles.
4.4.At each section of the roof, bounded by walls and expansion joints, there must be at least two water intake holes: when the area of the roof is less than 700 m2, a funnel with a diameter of at least 100 mm is allowed.
Connection of funnels installed on both sides of the seam to a single riser or to a common overhead line may be envisaged if compensatory joints are provided, ensuring tightness and elasticity of joints.
4.5.Do not install gutter risers in the thickness of the outer walls. In attic coverings and in coverings with ventilated air interlayers, the drainage funnels' drainpipes and cooled gutter sections must have thermal insulation.
It is allowed to provide heating of branch pipes of gutters and risers within the cooled areas.
4.6.The bowls of drainpans should be rigidly fixed with clamps to the bearing decks or to the slabs of coatings and connected to the risers of internal gutters through expansion joints.
In coatings of types P-1, P-2, P-5 for the installation of drainpans, steel galvanized pallets should be provided.
4.7.In the places where the drainpans are installed, the main waterproof carpet, glued to the flange of the funnel, must be reinforced with three mastic layers reinforced with two layers of fiberglass or a glass net according to Fig.4 app.6. Strengthening of the layers of the main waterproofing carpet is allowed to provide also with two layers of roll materials used for the roofing and a layer of burlap soaked in mastic.
The clamping ring must be fixed firmly to the bowl of the funnel.
4.8.Design of outdoor organized water diversion from roofs through gutters and downpipes is allowed only with justification;while the details of external gutters and the size of downpipes should meet the requirements of GOST 7623-75.The distance between the external drainpipes should be no more than 24 m;the cross-sectional area of the drain pipe shall be taken as 1.5 cm2 per 1 m2 of the roof area.
