Construction of pile foundation with grillage

Pile foundation with grillage is used quite often when the erection of the building occurs on a fragile ground, which, for example, is not suitable for a shallow basement.

The pile foundation has been used for a very long time, which is especially important in places that are prone to flooding.

The pillar foundation has a huge number of advantages, and in the ranks of professional builders it is considered the most reliable.

When comparing pile and columnar foundations, the first device is much easier and its cost is lower.

Such a foundation is usually calculated for lightweight buildings, wooden and foam blocks.

What is a grillage

A grill is a beam or a tile that serves to connect piles and supporting structures to each other.

The beam foundation with a monolithic grillage, consisting of concrete, which is reinforced in the formwork, is essentially the same ribbon foundation, but standing above the ground, it is deservedly called one of the longest ones.

The beam foundation is made using a high, high and low grate. The most commonly used high grillage, it is located about 15 cm above the ground.

This height helps to avoid ground impacts, and the eversion of piles. The width between the ground and the foundation is necessarily insulated.

The raised grillage is installed directly on the ground, excluding the clearance space, but to exclude the impact of soil on it, a layer of ground is cut below it for 10-15 centimeters.

The grillstone covers this pit with its base. Underestimate grillage is set below the soil level by a couple of centimeters.

The main calculation of the grillage is to combine all the piles in one piece, and also to distribute the pressure across the piles, the photo-design of the pile foundation installation with the grillage can be viewed below.

Photo:

What piles are used for grillage?

Piles are used from reinforced concrete, concrete, metal and very rarely from wood.

The beam foundation with grillage is assembled with stuffed piles, it is very convenient to install them in pre-drilled holes, the technology and the scheme is shown in the photo.

The foundation is also mounted with injection piles - they are installed in small holes up to 10 cm with one reinforcing bar.

The photo, which shows the technology and layout of the installation, is shown below.

But there are also alternative options, for example, driven piles, they are hammered into the soil with the help of special construction equipment.

You can also take a pile-screw foundation, it is also used very often.

Monolithic grillage

To make a foundation with a monolithic grillage, you must first carry out the preparatory work and create a project in which the full technology and scheme of the future foundation will be indicated.

The tops of the piles are cut down so that the required height remains, then a formwork is constructed, a monolithic grillage is poured over it, the mortar must be laid evenly across the entire surface of the monolithic grillage.

It's quite simple to make such a foundation with your own hands, it has a small cost and for its construction there will be enough basic building skills, this strongly distinguishes a pile foundation with a monolithic grillage from other bases for the house.

Stages of work occur in this order:

• to begin with you need to draw up drawings, on which you need to plan the project of the future foundation in a section, to designate all the dimensions. An example of how the calculation is performed is provided for review in the photo below;
• then need to drill holes for reinforced concrete piles;
• is mounted formwork made of wooden blocks;
• for monolithic grillage it is necessary to excavate the trough under the fill;
• further, the concrete solution will be filled with grillage and piles;
• the finished structure is exposed for a month for complete drying and hardening.

Pile foundation for a brick house

If you are planning to build a brick house on clay, swampy or heaving soil, the most reliable option is to install a pile foundation with a grillage.

Advantages of using padded piles: the

• does not generate noise during operation, which can provide round-the-clock operation near residential buildings;
• when piles are introduced into the soil, no vibrations are created that could damage the nearby buildings;
• pile foundation allows it to be mounted at different depths during construction on stable soil;
• significant reduction in the time of building a brick house;
• low cost of materials.

Cons:

• metal structures are susceptible to the formation of foci of rust;
• this type of foundation is not suitable for installation on rocky soil.

For the construction of the basement you need to spend additional financial and costly work.

The pile foundation for a brick house is excellent if, for example, the ground can not withstand a high load.

The piles equally distribute the mass of the future construction along the deeper layers of the soil that lie deeper.

On top of the connection of piles into a single structure is made by grillage, which takes on the primary load of the walls of the building.

The construction of this type of foundation greatly reduces the consumption of building materials, which reduces the cost and physical costs of the work.

Video:

But without a special construction drilling rig here can not do. For a brick house, the best is the reinforced concrete bored foundation.

Under the supporting walls of the structure, it is recommended to make a concrete strip, under which it is necessary to evenly distribute vertical columns.

In such a design, the weight will be distributed evenly: first on the grillage, and then on the pile pillars.

If you make the right fundamental construction for a brick house, then it will be able to withstand the additional load in the form of possible superstructures.

Pile foundation with own hands

In order to install a pile foundation with grillage, you first need to familiarize yourself with the stages of the work process:

1. first you need to perform geological and prospecting work;
2. make the necessary drawings and calculation of the future design;
3. install piles;
4. to lay the grillage;
5. to equip the socle of the building.

The first thing to do is determine the type of soil, especially at the depth of the installed piles.

From the results will depend on such indicators as: the length of the piles, the distance between them and bearing capacity.

It also determines the load that will be produced by the weight of the construction on the pile foundation and soil.

The device and reinforcement of the foundation and calculation of the grillage will be based on these values.

The total weight is calculated based on:

• the weight of the whole structure, the roof;
• loads of snow in winter;
• other loads, such as furniture, appliances, tenants.

Stages of construction

Before starting the installation work, you need a diagram, it is also important to calculate the dimensions, make a marking, calculate the cost and the required amount of material used.

After this, start drilling holes under the piles. The diameter of the pit should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pile to be installed.

If the device and reinforcement of the foundation you carry out with your own hands, then a manual earth drill is usually used for drilling.

The depth of the hole made by such a drill is at most 5 meters, width about 30 centimeters.

If, for example, the depth is planned to be large, then a motorized drilling rig is used.
Video:

Piles are pierced by this method: pieces of pile are turned into piles and inserted inside the holes, after that it is necessary to install metal rods, three pieces with a diameter of about 8 millimeters are enough, they are fastened together.

The height of the bars of the reinforcement must not reach the grill for a couple of centimeters. From inside the holes are poured with concrete solution. The grade of concrete used for pouring is usually M-200, M-250, M-300.

The arrangement of grillage can be monolithic or prefabricated.

There are also a number of comments:

• the construction of a grillage with its own hands should not overlap with pipelines;
• piles should not have deviations from the axis vertically by 5 centimeters or more;
• all gaps and cracks should be insulated with concrete solution;
• reinforcement grillage is also a mandatory step.

Before installing the walls with your own hands, you need to check the surface of the grillage with a level.

If there are deviations, a screed with a concrete layer is applied over the top. After the device and reinforcement of the structure is completed, it is necessary to finish the basement part.

Insulation of the pile foundation

Despite the fact that the modern building materials market offers a huge selection of materials, the function of which is to warm the foundations, people still make a choice in favor of time-tested funds.

In particular, because of the low cost and quality of materials. An example of this is the most frequently used foam, they can easily make a foundation warming using an adhesive base.

But foam is not suitable for warming in conditions of high humidity, under such conditions produce insulation with waterproof materials.

Each material for insulation has a number of advantages and disadvantages, so, choosing a method that will be used for insulation, you need to build on many factors, from the price to the longevity of the material.

Video:

The following thermal insulation methods are also very often used:

• backfilling with expanded clay silt of a beam grill;
• lining of grillage with extruded polystyrene foam.

Thermal insulation of the foundation with a monolithic grillage is made only outside the house. The lateral sides in this case act as a socle.

Here are the main steps in the insulation:

• the sides of the grillage are covered with a layer of bitumen, it protects them from moisture;
• blocks of expanded polystyrene are mounted directly to the bituminous mass, before it is frozen;
• with the aid of mounting foam all the gaps between the foam panels are sealed. If the heater has a coupling system such as a spike-groove, this greatly speeds up and facilitates the process;
• a reinforcing mesh is laid over the thermal insulation layer, which is then covered with a plaster layer;
• after completion of all these phases, the facade is covered with a layer of waterproofing mortar and stained.

If you follow all the rules and advice, then the technology of building a foundation will be a simple task for you.