Cellar under the house - requirements for the site for the construction of
A new interest in the construction of cellars is due to the need for quality storage of agricultural products. In a securely arranged cellar, with proper waterproofing and ventilation, a constant temperature and humidity regime is maintained.
Thus, the best conditions are created for the preservation of products for a long time, without deteriorating their properties( drying, loss of taste or smell).The main design modifications can be represented in three types: underground( completely buried), buried half, ground( vegetable storage).The decisive condition determining the modification is the indicators of the hydrogeology of the site of the proposed construction.
One of the basic rules of choice is the device of the cellar on a dry, elevated location, which provides the most simple waterproofing device. And the waterproofing itself will be more reliable and durable in this case. It is desirable, before making a cellar under the house, to know the level of occurrence of groundwater. It is necessary that it does not reach the bottom( bottom) of the future cellar by at least half a meter.
This mark is easier to determine in the spring. As a rule, at this time of year it is the highest. If the spring could not be determined, it is possible to conduct such studies during the autumn rains. High accuracy of the result can be obtained from the water level in nearby wells, wells, etc.
In the case of low-lying location of the future cellar or high waterlogging, a sand and gravel cushion is made to isolate the base from groundwater.
How to build a cellar under the house - preparation of a foundation pit
The cellar itself under the house or under household buildings, in particular, summer kitchens, workshops is very convenient on the backyard in terms of operation and space. In addition, such structures may have access hatches( or doors) not only from the premises of buildings, but also from the outside. The cellar planned at the design stage begins with a pit. Its dimensions on each side not less than sixty centimeters more than the size of the cellar.
Such measures are necessary to ensure convenient execution of works on waterproofing, stone, concrete works. The excavation device larger than the indicated dimensions will lead to an unjustified increase in the amount of excavated soil with the complication of backfilling of the sinuses. Tear off the pit on the borders and level its walls better by hand. It is undesirable to destroy the soil.
After preparing the foundation pit, its foundation is cleaned. Above is poured rubble or brick bricks, at the rate of one hundred kilograms of rubble per square meter of the base. After leveling, the layer is compacted, then poured hot bitumen at a rate of five kilograms per square meter. These operations will help to eliminate the capillary permeability of the crushed stone pillow.
Cellar by your own hands under the house - stages of the
operation. The cellar under the house requires the execution of monolithic walls of dense concrete. Depending on the project, the thickness of such walls may fluctuate, but not less than twenty to thirty centimeters. Before the concreting, a wire rod or wire frame is formed. As a rule, such walls serve simultaneously as the foundation( some part of it) of a house or outbuildings for various purposes.
Monolithic reinforced concrete after removal of the formwork must be plastered with a solution of cement and sand( in a ratio of 1: 2) on both sides. It is smoothed out with a steel trowel and "bent".The plaster must be at least two centimeters thick. On the external surface, waterproofing sheets of roofing material, glued with a double layer of bitumen mastic with a mandatory overlapping sheets overlap.
Cellar ceilings are carried out depending on the overall design of the house. These can be slabs or the like. The qualitative ventilation of the cellar premises is mandatory. On the ceiling it is necessary to provide a layer of thermal insulation. On it and the top of the walls, which serve as the base, waterproofing is also put in two layers. When filling the sinuses in the trench outside the walls of the cellar, it is desirable to provide for the device of a special clay lock, which is closed from above by the blind.
When installing concrete walls, foundations, floors, it is necessary to pay attention to the density of concrete. As is known, the water-to-water ratio is affected by the ratio of water and cement. The construction of concrete is impossible without the use of gravel. For a qualitative result, the amount of gravel should not exceed the amount of sand more than twice. In this case, granite gravel is preferable to limestone. The amount of water should not be excessive. Laying of concrete mix should be carried out in one step, without interruptions, i.e. Formwork is better to build completely on the whole amount of work.