Small veranda with own hands

The construction of a small veranda is one of the easiest ways to expand the useful area of ​​a small private house. In addition, such a construction can act as a kind of tambour, which will increase energy saving at home, and therefore, reduce the cost of its heating in the winter.

Highlights

Small verandas differ in the material of manufacture:

1. Wooden. Such small extensions carry the function of the hallway. As a rule, they are made not heated, and they are not too suitable for operation in the winter. In summer in these verandas you can arrange a small summer kitchen.
2. Stone( made of bricks, slag blocks).These are more capital buildings built on a strong foundation. Usually, this veranda is heated, placing a kitchen or other room in it.

By design:

1. Heated. This veranda is connected to the general heating system of the house or has an autonomous heating source( this option is much cheaper).Warm verandas are built on a capital foundation with floor insulation.
2. Not heated. They are used only in the summer, and in the winter they act as a buffer to preserve heat. It is allowed to build them on a columnar foundation without additional insulation.

Preparing for the beginning of construction work

Even a small construction site, like the addition of a small veranda, requires careful preparation. Conditionally it can be divided into two stages:

1. Preparation of documents. Any introduction of changes to the project of the house, even the construction of a small room, requires the introduction of changes to the project documentation. Therefore, choosing an approximate veranda design, you need to make a small sketch. He will have to contact the project organization, which has the right and license to develop residential projects. They will prepare all the necessary documentation: the design and design of a small veranda with which you need to contact the supervisory authorities( the architectural department), which will approve the project. You need to do this in advance, as all documents can be approved for approval up to 2 months. It is better to do this winter, to be fully armed before the construction season begins.
2. Preparation of materials. It is necessary to stock up the necessary quantity of lumber for the roof, brick( cinder block) for walls, cement, reinforcement, screening or gravel, sand, etc. If there are no problems with the delivery of materials, you can not buy everything at once, but gradually, in the process of construction. If there are problems with delivery, then it's better to buy everything at a time to save money. In this case, it is necessary to provide storage places, materials that are exposed to moisture and direct sunlight: cement, plasters, paints, expanded polystyrene, etc.

Getting started. Foundation of the foundation

Usually two types of foundations are used for construction of verandas:

1. Column foundation. It is used for construction of frame structures, with low weight. Such a foundation is easy to install and its cost is much lower.
2. Tape foundation. It is used for heavy heavy buildings. This is a more reliable type of foundation, however, its erection is more labor-consuming and costly.

The construction of the columnar foundation of a small veranda:

1. Initially, in the area where the verandah will be installed, a fertile layer of soil is removed, the thickness of which is about 15 cm. It can be carried out on a bed or beds. Then, according to the approved project, the marking of the places for installing foundation pillars is done. To do this, use small pieces of reinforcement, which are connected with twine. As a rule, the distance between poles should not be more than half a meter.
2. The height of pillars of the columnar foundation of the veranda should correspond to the height of the basement of the main building. The dimensions of the pillars are determined by the design and depend on the load they will experience when erecting the room. Also, from the state of the ground in the project area, the minimum depth of each pillar is set. The more stable the soil, the deeper the foundation should be. In some cases, the bases have a depth of 1.5-2 m.
3. A pit is dug for each of the pillars, the size of which must be larger than the size of the pillar itself. At the bottom of the bed is a pillow of sand and rubble, which is carefully packed. After that, formwork is installed. Inside the foundation pillar is reinforced with a lattice of structural reinforcement.
4. After this, concrete is poured into the column. The column foundation can be either solid or combined. The second type provides a shorter concrete pillar and a brickwork on top. Thus, you can increase the height of the pillars without spending a lot of money on concrete, formwork and reinforcement.
5. The technology of erecting the basement is a little more complicated, however, in reliability such a base far exceeds the columnar structure. Thanks to it, it becomes possible to build a capital structure of brick or cinder block. The foundation is poured into the level with the basic structure, but without bandaging. The fact is that the veranda and the house have different weights, and, accordingly, exert different pressure on the ground. For a heavier building that has a large shrinkage not to "pull along" a light veranda, a technological gap of about 40 mm is left between their foundations.
6. For the arrangement of the strip foundation it is necessary to excavate the trench with the depth indicated in the project. The width of the trench should be greater for normal installation of the formwork. Further to the bottom of the trench a pillow of sand and rubble falls off. It is carefully tamped. At the bottom of the ditch, a formwork is installed, which is knocked out of the planks.
7. There are two options for pouring the ribbon foundation: monolithic reinforced and butanol. In the first, reinforcement is used for reinforcement, in the second - large rubble stones. The latter way is a bit cheaper.
8. At the bottom of the trench the concrete is poured, then the stones are laid with a layer of 100mm. Then the process repeats. The last layer is filled with concrete without stones. After pouring the concrete is left to cool for several days. If the weather is hot, then the concrete must be moistened with water so that it does not crack.
9. Before the construction of the walls, a waterproofing, usually from a roofing material, is laid on the surface of the foundation.

Construction of walls and roofing

For the construction of small verandas, wooden structures are usually used.

Its erection begins with the installation of rough floors. The order of these works is as follows:

1. First of all, the space between the foundation( with its ribbon construction) is filled with expanded clay or other loose material( clay is sometimes used).
2. Then on the foundation are laid logs, pre-treated with anti-corrosion impregnation. The base is supported by pillows. They are made from a beam of large cross-section. Under the pillow waterproofing.
3. After laying the lag on them, a covering from the floorboard with a thickness of at least 50 mm is packed.
4. After finishing the installation of the rough floor, you can proceed to install the frame walls.
5. The bars of the lower strapping are laid on the surface of the roughing floor. They are connected with a direct lock. It is important that the castle lay on the foundation, above all it concerns columnar foundations. Locks beams strapping must be fixed to the foundation with the help of anchor bolts. Throughout the perimeter of the straps, grooves are made for the installation of vertical racks. They are fixed with nails and staples. On the upper end of the posts, the bars of the upper strapping are fixed, and the beam-run is installed to the wall of the building under the roof slope. It is to her will be fastened rafters gable roof.
6. The last stage is the installation of the rafter system.
7. Wooden frame must be treated with an antiseptic after installation.
8. Installation of the roof in principle is no different from similar works in other buildings.
9. If the veranda provides for the installation of windows, then at a certain height from the lower beam a window bar is installed, which in the compartment with the side posts will form a window opening.
10. In the same way, the frame of the doorway is reinforced. The location of the veranda door should not be located opposite the entrance door to the house, in this case the risk of drafts increases. It is better to place it in the end of the extension, then the cold air will not find a way to the living quarters.
11. The final stage in the construction of a small verandah of wood will be the skinning of the inner and outer surfaces of the walls. For interior walls, plywood, plasterboard, laminated chipboard are used. For exterior walls, as a rule, use a wooden board, corrugated board or plastic panels. It is necessary to provide the inner part of the wall with heat-insulating material. For these purposes, mats made of mineral wool are the best. They have excellent heat conductivity, they are not afraid of moisture.
12. After the walls are installed, windows and doors are installed, the gaps between them and the body are filled with mounting foam.

Building a small brick veranda with your own hands

If this premise is used actively in the winter, it makes sense to build it out of brick or blocks. In this case, only a strip foundation is suitable, and, it should be several times more powerful than the foundation for a wooden veranda. That's why the cost of a small veranda of brick is more than a skeleton.

Masonry is usually produced in one brick, with a binding bandage. The interior finish can be made, both plaster, and other finishing materials.

Little veranda: photo of

Little veranda: video of