Preparation of mortar from clay for laying the furnace - proportions and components

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The stove or fireplace until recently was associated as a permanent attribute of a village house, but fortunately, today they are again becoming popular. For a good furnace there are no unimportant details, everything is important: the design, the type of brick, the quality of the mortar for masonry. A good solution in composition should approach brick, withstand multiple heating up to 1000 degrees, do not crack after time elapsed, and the seam made with such a solution should ideally be 3-4 mm.

Solution components

The solution for laying the furnace consists of sand, clay and water. But these simple components must meet certain requirements. The main parameters of the quality of the solution are its consistency and fat content. And if the consistency is relatively simple - it should be like thick sour cream, then the fat content depends on the quality of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay in the solution, and is checked constantly during the preparation of the solution. The quality of the clay, or its fat content, is affected by the terrain from which it was extracted and the depth of occurrence. Some clays do not require the addition of sand at all, others take it more. You can check the fat content in several ways.

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The easiest way to check the clay and the finished mortar is to make a ball of material and throw it on the floor from 1-1,5 meters. If the ball has remained intact, or a smooth cake has turned out, then the solution is good, if the cake has become covered with cracks or even disintegrated, then there is excess sand in the solution, or the clay is not fat enough.




For more precise testing, the clay is kneaded fairly steeply and kneaded thoroughly. Then roll the ball 4-5 cm in diameter and smoothly squeeze it between two smooth boards until the cracks appear. If the ball has broken up into pieces even with a slight crushing, clay is generally not suitable for the preparation of mortar for masonry stoves.

If the cracks went after shrinking by 20-25%, clay or mortar is also not fatty enough. The most suitable clay crackles when the ball is compressed by a third, too greasy gives cracks after compression more than half the diameter.

clay

Too "lean" clay is not suitable for the preparation of mortar, as it will crack and crumble when it dries. A too fatty solution is also not suitable, since during the operation of the furnace, a large shrinkage is possible.

The fat content of the solution is adjusted with the aid of sand. Sand, suitable for mortar, should be fine, carefully sifted to exclude any admixtures of stones and debris.

Water must be fresh and clean, better tap. On average, 15-20 liters of water are used to prepare mortar for laying hundreds of bricks, that is, a quarter or a third of a bucket per bucket of clay.

There are recipes using salt or cement, but with qualitative clay these additives are superfluous. If you have doubts and want to increase the strength of the masonry, you can add 10 kg of clay 100 grams of salt or 1 kg of cement.

With clay work on clay mortar it is easier to work in comparison with cement mortar, it can be repeatedly disassembled and reworked. When preparing a mortar, you need to consider that the laying of a hundred bricks takes about three of its buckets.

solution

Sequence of solution preparation

The work requires a shallow wide container( better metal and hard), a shovel, a smooth and sturdy plank for stirring, a sieve with 1.5 × 1.5 mm cells, the drill with a mixing head will facilitate the work.

Cloddy clay must be pre-soaked for a couple days in a container. Then, using a shovel and legs( if the volume is large), carefully break all the lumps. Hands need to constantly check to see if there are still pieces of crushed stone, stones and other debris left.

To too fat clay it is necessary to add sand, previously sieved through a sieve. It can be needed from 0.5 to several volumes of clay, pour the sand better by parts, thoroughly mixing and checking the quality of the solution after each batch. In most cases, you have to add as much sand or slightly more than clay.

If the clay is high quality and dry, you can immediately mix it with sand, and then add water. So the solution is much easier to mix, and it is more homogeneous.

When the solution ceases to adhere to the shovel or board, but will drain from them, you can stop mixing. Sand should be evenly distributed throughout the solution, lumps and non-mixed areas should not be left.

The prepared solution is stored for 24 hours in a tightly closed container, and is mixed immediately each time before work. It is worth noting that it is better to spend more time carefully sanding the sand and clay before preparing the mortar, but then, during the masonry, do not be distracted by the removal of pebbles and other impurities.

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