Concrete information about
Russian scientists of the end of the XIX century began to pay much attention to such questions: how correctly to prepare concrete, how to make it more dense and calculate its composition? After the Great October Revolution, the technology of making concrete was the most developed. Today it forms the basis of modern construction.
Concrete is a type of artificial stone that is obtained after solidification of a specially selected mixture consisting of water, binder or cement, aggregates( gravel, crushed stone).If necessary, special additives are added to the mixture. This building material is classified according to such main features: bulk weight, strength, frost resistance, kind of binder, density, uniformity.
How to make concrete?
Manufacturing is a fairly simple process, but time-consuming. Before you prepare concrete, you need to understand what properties it should have, because this will depend on the recipe. Consider the process of its production on an industrial scale.
The first step in the laboratory of the plant is a recipe, according to which the exact dosage of fillers and binder is produced. Then all the ingredients are weighed and placed in a mixer. In accordance with the recipe, the required amount of water is supplied, the mixing process begins.
If necessary, plasticizers and additives are added. If everything is done correctly and according to the prescription, the mixture will turn out to be plastic and homogeneous, remaining as it is until stacking. This is a sign of high quality.
After the manufacture of concrete it is necessary to transport it correctly to the place of installation. It is transported by means of mixing equipment. The main thing is that while the mixture is constantly mixed and remained homogeneous. Heavier aggregates settle on the bottom, which causes the mixture to separate.
We prepare the concrete directly on our site
If a relatively small amount of the mixture is required, then you need to know how to properly make the concrete itself. The technology of independent production is the same, but with small differences, and everything happens on a much smaller scale. To do this, you need a mini concrete mixer and the right ingredients. The proportions will depend on the brand of cement, the characteristics of sand and gravel, the properties of plasticizers or other additives.
So, most often, you should stick to this proportion: one part of cement, three parts of sand, five - rubble. Usually, 400 grade cement is used. If there is no rubble in your region, you can use gravel. Gravel should not contain soil impurities. It is necessary to take crushed stone or gravel of fine fraction, this will give concrete structure the necessary strength. For cooking, only river sand, completely cleared of clay, is suitable. If the clay still comes across, sand is required to sift.
Water should be added at the rate of 50% of the weight of the cement used. Before making concrete, you need to pour a certain amount of water into the concrete mixer, and then the future mixture will stick to its walls. Then add the right amount of cement, we stir and fall asleep the prepared filler.
The mixture should be mixed until the desired viscosity and uniformity are obtained. Next, we pour out the mixture and make its packing. Pouring is carried out as quickly as possible. After laying, you can not let the concrete quickly give up moisture, otherwise it will "tear".For this you need to periodically wet it with water.
The higher the air temperature, the more you need to water. In order to lose the moisture less, the filled structure is covered with a polyethylene film or a bituminous emulsion is applied to its surface.
Remember that the strength and durability of your concrete structure will depend on the quality of the batch, therefore, before you interfere with concrete, you must carefully read the recipe and clearly observe it.