Solar cells with their own hands - high technology in your home

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Solar cells with their own hands - the

assembly principle The solar cell is a module representing a series-parallel connection of a set of elementary diode semiconductor junctions grown on special technologies in the factory on silicon wafers, with an average side of about fifteen centimeters( although there are different single crystals of a larger area), a thickness of about half a millimeter and weighing up to seven grams.

From them you can quite easily and easily make a solar battery of the right capacity with your own hands, having received a reliable and long-term source of electricity and saving a considerable( on average, four times cheaper) funds for the purchase of similar industrial products.

The described solar cell - module - can give an operating current of up to eight amperes at a voltage of just over half the Volt, which is up to four watts. A self-made solar battery is built by connecting several dozen of these modular elements, as a rule, about thirty-six plates are used for one panel. To connect the elements on the outer and the back surfaces of each, there are areas or paths that provide contact connections.

As a rule, they are made by applying in various ways( by spraying) a metallized composition comprising silver, and easily soldered with a conventional soldering iron.

In general, the principle of modularity is fundamental for a solar battery. Thanks to this, it is possible to gradually increase the capacity of such a source of energy gradually, which is important, considering the still high cost of the plate-modules themselves. Before you make a solar battery at home, you need to mention that the cost of solar cells falls every year, respectively, reducing their payback period. At the same time, the quality of plates( even those produced in China) is growing.

Homemade solar battery - we purchase accessories

The process itself and the result will bring real satisfaction when the solar battery is assembled by our own hands, the do-it-yourself constructor( including all the basic necessary design elements) is offered by many sites and specialized shops.

By the way, to acquire such a set, which includes, in addition to the plates, special flat conductors and a blocking diode, is certainly more profitable than to search for components separately. It is also necessary to take into account the probable "battle" of solar cells due to the high fragility of silicon wafers, so it is better to acquire them with a small margin( the pair should suffice).

Before you make a solar battery, you need to purchase the above minimum kit, think about the design of a protective box with a transparent front panel to protect the plates from the possible effects of external natural and man-made factors. For this, experts recommend using plexiglas or organic glass. Less recommended, but also commonly used ordinary glass. Polycarbonate is not recommended.

The technology for manufacturing such a box structure should provide for its sufficient rigidity, reliable protection and sealing of the plates, avoiding dew loss within the volume. It is practical to use colorless silicone sealants, which can also be purchased together with other components.

How to make a solar battery - the key steps in the manufacture of

So, the solar collector itself, whose circuit represents a series connection of plates, must take into account the thermal expansion of materials. Therefore, it is necessary to leave gaps of at least five millimeters between the elements( it is convenient to use conventional mounting crosses for laying ceramic tiles).And the plates and conductors themselves should not be rigidly fixed to the substrate by the entire back surface in order to avoid ruptures and cracks.

For soldering wires to the above areas( tracks), you can use special fluxes and solders, the alcohol solution of rosin and "silver" solder is quite suitable. In more detail will show how to make solar panels by hand, video at the beginning of our article, indicating all the necessary techniques and circuit elements( charging controllers, plates, lock diodes, substrates and compounds).

You just need to remember, connecting the plates together, that the front side is a "plus" wire, the rear one is "negative".That is, the wires of one plate soldered to the front side are connected to the corresponding contacts on the back side of the next one. The corresponding wires of the rows of plate elements together are fixed by a wider conductor from the kit.

If you connect the same sides to two plates, you get a new element with twice the working current. Accordingly, two eight-ampere plates connected in this way form a sixteen-ampere module. Carrying out similar experiments, it is necessary to remember the cross-section of conductors, the thermal mode of operation of the plates and their fragility, to take appropriate security measures.

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