Roof components, device

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Roof structural elements Which components have roofs

The roof elements are rafters, crates and fencing, that is, roofing.

Rails and ribs are inclined surfaces. The horizontal components include the horseshoe, the valley and the razlochka. In order to organize a runoff at the lower edge of the ramp, in many cases troughs are used. The lower part of the ramp, located between the groove and the edge, is called a descent. You can call this the main element of the roof.

The wooden frame of the roof is represented by the following structural elements: basic and mandatory - Mauerlats, rafters and crate, as well as auxiliary - puff, rack and struts.

Mauerlat, popularly called "womb", "matika", is a bar that has a cross section of at least 10 x 10 cm or a hewn log from the underside. Mauerlat should be a support for the rafters, as well as its function includes a uniform distribution of the load on the outer walls. On the walls made of lightweight masonry, lightweight concrete, frame and panel, follow along their entire length to lay a continuous mauerlat.

If the walls are massive, made of stone or brick, then under each rafter leg it is necessary to lay a length of 0.5 m of a piece of timber or logs. At the same time, the ends of the clamps are attached to the metal hooks, when laying the walls, it is embedded in 2-3 rows of bricks.

Rafters made of wooden beams, boards, bars are essentially a load-bearing roof frame, its base.

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In addition, rafters - this is a load-bearing structure that withstands the weight of the roof, snow and wind pressure. That is why the wood used for the manufacture of rafters should be free of any flaws: wormholes, knots, rotting, cracks in the joint zones and beyond them with a length of more than 0.25 of the length of the beam and a depth of more than 0.25 of its thickness.

For the production of rafters are suitable boards of coniferous species, having a thickness of 40-60 mm, or uneven bars. The timber should be free of defects, well dried, with a minimum number of knots. It is allowed to use logs, but it should be taken into account that they are much heavier.

Board rafters characterize the ease of assembly, since all joints are performed on nails using or without liners and linings. Slots, weakening logs and log structures, in this case are used only to connect the racks with the girdle and lay in inclined rafters.

The section of the rafters is due to a number of factors, such as:

load caused by the weight of the roof and snow;

step rafters;the size of the span;

roof slope.

The size of the section of the rafters must be selected taking into account their length and the distance between them.

You can fasten the rafters directly to the Mauerlat. However, in the case when it is necessary to cover a large span, only the basic elements of the frame will not be enough.

In such a situation, the tightening, the rack and the struts, both together and separately, will help.

It is important to consider that in any roof structure there are two main constituent parts: the enclosing, represented by the roof, and the carrier, or rafters, which are divided into hanging and layered.

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