Using solar panels to heat the house

Using solar panels for house heating, as an alternative to other energy sources, you can save a budget.

Especially financial leakage is noticeable in winter, when a gas or electric meter works continuously, reeling in cubes or kilowatts. But they pay half of their wages monthly.

Since solar panels are an inexhaustible source of energy, solar heating can be considered an ideal solution to maintain a comfortable climate in the home.

With their application it is possible to provide not only high-grade heating at home, but also food for various household electrical appliances.

The solar battery is a device that operates under the influence of solar energy.

A similar principle of operation could be observed in the twentieth century, when calculators appeared on the shelves, working at the expense of miniature solar cells.

Since then, to experiment and use the forces of nature to benefit humanity, scientists have become even more intense.

As a result, in addition to machinery and devices( electric vehicles, HB-SIA aircraft, flashlights, players) operating from the thermal energy of the sun, solar cells appeared.

solar battery Advantages and disadvantages of using solar panels

Self-installing system from solar panels on the roof of a private house can be practically everyone who has a basicexperience in electrical and ready to allocate funds for their acquisition.

Typically, the payback of solar batteries is from 2 to 5 years - the terms depend on the type and technical characteristics of the installed equipment.

During this time, the money expended is returned to the house with heat, for which there is no need to pay any more.

Having a reserve of solar energy, it is possible to heat the house and have nothing to do with utilities.

At the same time, you can live as warmly as you like, from time to time adjusting the temperature in the room.

Photoelectric batteries can also become a power source for home lighting and household appliances.

Radiation from the sun is constantly attracted by solar plates, so they can be used at any time of the year and in any climatic zone.

The equipment is not exposed to atmospheric influences, its design is well protected and carefully thought out.

Of the disadvantages of solar panels used for heating and lighting at home, it is worth pointing out that the batteries are more effective in the wintertime during the first half-day, when the sun shines more.

Therefore, the construction of the system is recommended to be mounted manually on the south side of the roof.

In this case, the working area of ​​the roof of a private house must be at least 40 square meters.m., which will provide the right amount of energy.

If it is necessary to use 500 kW of power during 30 calendar days, it is necessary to take into account that about 20 of them should be solar.

The second major drawback is the high installation cost, but all costs, as already mentioned above, pay off within 2-5 years.

Especially when the installation of equipment for heating the house was carefully planned.

After all, the efficiency of its operation depends largely on the angle of the roof, which should be about 450.

In addition, there should be no barriers to the plates, which would interfere with energy, for example, throwing houses shadow buildings or large trees.

It is recommended that the rafter of the house before installing the batteries be strengthened by hand to prevent the fall of the roof in winter, when on the roof, in addition to batteries, snow will be deposited.

Types of solar panels and features of their configuration

To date, there are two types of solar panels, their technical properties can be freely used to supply electricity to the living space.

The first group includes small photovoltaic systems producing a voltage of 12 to 24 volts - this is enough for the house to be fully illuminated and the TV worked around the clock.

The second group includes large photovoltaic installations, which, with proper installation, provide heating and lighting of a medium-sized house.

Batteries for installation are equipped with the following auxiliary elements:

• vacuum solar collector;
• control device or controller - monitors the operation of the system;
• pump - provides the supply of coolant to the reservoir from the collector;
• capacity for hot water, its volume is from 500 to 1000 liters;
• electric tan.

Water supply of the house with warm water, heating system "warm floor" - all these pleasures can be obtained with the help of a natural phenomenon free of charge, provided the installation of powerful equipment.

To calculate the required capacity of the installation, consider the number of family members, the size of the living space and the standard amount of energy used.

For domestic needs of a family consisting of three people, you may need from 200 to 500 kW / month.

As the efficiency of batteries decreases in winter, after installing photovoltaic panels with their own hands, one should not completely abandon the usual heating with the purpose of reinsurance.

The life of solar batteries is more than 25 years, the problems with their repair and maintenance during these years - a rarity.

The only thing that must necessarily be done is to clean them from the settling dust and, from time to time, to change external batteries, as soon as their capacities cease to be sufficient to hold the full capacity.

General principle of the solar battery

The design of photovoltaic systems consists of a large number of photocells.

In turn, they have the ability to absorb the rays of the sun, due to which in their structure is an electrochemical reaction.

In this case, in each individual photocell, a minimum amount of current is formed, which is connected to one stream and exits the battery.

One solar cell is capable of producing about 250 volts.

As this figure is not enough for a full-scale power supply at home, install several such panels at once, combining them into one single system.

As a result, you can achieve the required power. If you place batteries on an area of ​​20-30 m2, you will be able to provide with electricity the house of the average family.

The electric power generated during the chemical reaction flows through the controller to the storage batteries, then is fed through the inverter into the electric network.

External batteries should have a volume corresponding to the non-working time of the solar system, meaning the dark time of the day, when the voltage output of the panels decreases.

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At the same time, rechargeable batteries are charged during the entire daylight hours, as a rule, at that time the electricity is in excess.

As for the functional purpose of the inverter, the device is used to convert DC to AC, which subsequently becomes suitable for powering modern electrical appliances.

Among them are electric boilers that can be used for heating a private house by means of solar panels.

By investing and installing solar equipment once, you can achieve efficient operation of the panels all year round.

This does not exclude the dark time of the day, which became possible after the development and production of photocells for panels operating from infrared radiation, which has the property of passing through dense clouds and darkness.