Of what it is better to build a house. Frame, made of aerated concrete or brick

Which house is better

What determines the strength of the walls of the house?

There are two kinds of loads , acting on the walls: vertical and horizontal. Vertical loads are forces directed from the top down. Such a load creates the weight of the wall itself, overlapping. Roofs and other upper structures.

As private houses are low-rise, and wall building materials are distinguished by considerable strength, they can withstand quite a lot of vertical loads.

Horizontal and rotating moments appear when the wind is applied, at ground pressure on the foundation from the side, due to transverse overlapping and in some other cases.

Horizontal loads have the most significant impact on the walls. If the thickness of the wall is small, then cracks or deformations may appear. It is the lateral and rotational influences that make it impossible to make the walls of individual buildings subtle. The compressive strength of the materials is sufficient to ensure that the wall is of a very small thickness, but lateral loads make it necessary to increase the dimensions.

The reliability and stability of walls affects not only their thickness, but also the design features of the building as a whole. By means of reinforcement, joining of external walls with internal ones, creation of monolithic belts, a power frame is formed, which helps to resist external influences.

Differences of warm and energy-saving walls

Considering which house is best to choose, a person chooses a place with comfortable conditions. Any house is a shelter from cold or heat, precipitation and other external factors. In order to be comfortable inside, three conditions are required.

1. The temperature in the room should be at least 22 degrees Celsius. To maintain it at this level in winter, additional heating will be required. Install ovens, boilers, heaters

2. The internal surface of walls should also be warm enough - about four degrees less than the air temperature. In this case, they will not be drawn by the cold and they will not dampen, creating an unhealthy microclimate. To the walls were warm, you need to make them a certain thickness, in accordance with the thermal characteristics of the material.

3. The wall construction should not be blown .The presence of cracks, through which free air passes freely, will lead to considerable heat losses.

Wall structures with such characteristics will be warm and will create comfortable conditions in the room. However energy-saving they may not be. Energy saving standards require reducing heat losses to minimum sizes. In this case, it is necessary to make resistance to heat transfer at the walls much higher. For this, the wall thickness should almost double. But it is worth noting that compliance with energy saving standards is not necessary for private construction.

Reduce the cost of heating will help integrated insulation .Improves the tightness of windows and doors, insulated floor, basement, floors and roof. All this in a complex can significantly reduce the overall heat loss and reduce the cost of heating the premises.

Single-layer or two-layer wall - what is better?

Modern wall materials allow the construction of walls of small thickness, but they are strong enough. At the same time, the monetary costs of construction will be rather modest. But a thin wall can not effectively conserve heat. There are two ways to solve the problem: a multi-layer or single-layer wall is chosen. By multilayer in this case we mean a construction consisting of two layers and more.

In the first variant, a thin wall is built, which is supplemented with a layer of effective insulation .The insulation protects against heat loss, and the wall provides strength.

To insulate the wall

In the second variant, in the case of single-walled walls, materials that are not only of mechanical strength but also with low thermal conductivity are used for construction purposes. When asked: what material is better to build a house, then the most frequent answer is cellular concrete .It has a large number of air cavities, which increase the resistance to heat transfer. However, materials designed for single-walled structures do not have outstanding characteristics. They have an average level of strength and mediocre heat engineering indicators. To improve all properties, various design methods are used.

Features of single-layer walls

Some time ago, when they thought about what it would be better to build a house for permanent residence, they chose the material suitable for erecting single-layer walls. The thickness of the wall was chosen to provide thermal comfort. At the same time, energy conservation issues were not raised.

Now single-layer walls are built only from certain materials. They have a sufficient level of thermal insulation to ensure compliance with the energy saving .

As a material for single-walled walls, blocks are actively used from porous hollow ceramics, cellular concrete and large porous expanded clay concrete. They all have common characteristics: low density in combination with a large number of voids. When the density decreases, the thermal conductivity decreases, but the mechanical strength decreases.

There are several kinds of porous concrete .They differ in the way they form pores. One of the best options for erecting single-layer walls is autoclaved aerated concrete.

Aerated concrete blocks have precise dimensions. This allows you to create walls without cracks, with exact joints. If there are groove-groove profiles, then solution is also unnecessary.

There are certain advantages of single-layer walls, which should be noted. This is the speed of construction, since one layer of materials is stacked faster than two or more. Such a wall can be cheaper, because it is not required to supplement it with other components and labor costs when creating below.

Which walls are better than

Since a number of places are laid jumper, creating bridges of cold, the construction of the building has to be complicated. Different methods of place heat loss overlap, but without the right project to do it will not work.

The laying of such a wall must be carried out as neatly as possible. The surface is covered only with a thin, decorative layer of plaster. If there are significant unevenness, then hide them under a small layer will not work. In addition to plaster, facade slabs can be used for finishing facades.

Inside the wall plastered or plastered with plasterboard sheets. Decorative finish can be any.

Multi-layer walls for the house

Multilayer walls consist of the main supporting structure and additional layers of insulation and cladding. The bearing wall can be erected from almost any material. The bricks are ceramic and silicate, foam concrete blocks and much more. The specific choice depends on the personal opinion of which house is better. Also for construction you can choose wood: log or timber.

Insulated walls are constructed of materials that have a higher density and mechanical strength. This allows you to make the main carrier layer of small thickness.

If masonry materials are used, the masonry is carried out with the mortar. They fill all the vertical and horizontal seams between the individual elements.

The considerable mechanical strength of the wall surface allows it to mount any structures and facing materials.

In a multi-layer construction, it is absolutely necessary to warm the walls with insulation, otherwise the level of heat preservation and energy saving will be very low. It is the layer of insulation that in this case is responsible for the thermal insulation. From its thermal characteristics depends on how comfortable and warm the house will be. An important indicator is the thickness of the insulation for the walls. The thicker the warming layer, the less heat penetrates through it.

Most often, the facade is insulated with mineral wool. This material is the most common due to its ease of use and performance characteristics. This material is also produced in roll form, but mineral wool plates are used for wall insulation more often. Another actively used insulation is polystyrene in slabs.

In double-walled walls the insulation is located on the outside. Three-layer have a slightly different design. In them, the insulation material is located in the center of the wall, between two layers of the main material.

If you consider the advantages of multi-layer walls, it is worth highlighting the following:

• layer of thermal insulation overlaps the cold bridges in the walls, which allows you to do without complicating the design;
• , the thickness of the two-layer walls is less than that of single-layer walls, which saves on the width of the foundation;
• it is possible to use any finishing materials, including ventilated hinged facades.

Replacement of insulation: when to perform?

Over time, the insulation materials age, begin to deteriorate and lose their properties. In order to maintain comfortable conditions in the house, it is necessary to replace the insulation. The specific replacement time is determined using the energy audit .Measurements are made with the help of special devices of thermal imagers, and visual assessment is also performed.

Initially energy audit is best done immediately after the construction of the house. This will provide data for subsequent assessments. After about twenty-five years, the measurements are repeated. If the thermal conductivity of the wall has decreased by one-third or more, it will be necessary to do major repairs with the replacement of thermal insulation.

As energy audit of houses has been conducted relatively recently on the territory of our country, data for many years has not been accumulated. The durability of heaters can be estimated only by indirect indicators.

Which walls are cheaper?

If we compare one- and two-sided walls with mono-thermal parameters, then practice shows that the first kind of construction turns out to be cheaper. But in this case only the erection of the wall is taken into account. The gain in value is not so noticeable, given the need to lay a wider foundation. In addition, thick walls eat up space: or the area of ​​premises decreases, or the free space of a site is reduced.

Which walls sound better?

When choosing which is better to build a house for permanent residence, various factors are analyzed, including the level of soundproofing. When assessing sound insulation characteristics, attention should be paid to the density of the material. The closer it is, the worse the sound is. Therefore, the wall of the heavy and dense brick will be better protected from noise than the thicker construction of porous aerated concrete.

The same can be said for the insulation. Heavy mineral wool boards better protect against penetration of sounds than lightweight polystyrene.

There are various ways to help make the walls quieter. One way is to apply a layer of heavy mineral plaster to the surface of a light porous wall. This method will significantly reduce the amount of penetrating noise.

The structure of the wall also affects sound insulation. The presence of slits in the thickness of the wall, parallel to its surface makes soundproofing better. If the slits are horizontal, emerging to the surface and passing through the wall, then the sounds will easily penetrate inside the

. Since sound waves are refracted at the boundary between two different materials, the two-layer and three-layer walls are more quiet than the single-layer walls. Add to this and their high density.

Which walls are more aesthetic?

As walls from any materials are finished, their aesthetics depend on the method and features of the finish. The material of the wall affects beauty a little.

For single-walled walls plaster is usually used. It is applied consistently three layers. Decorative is the top one. It can be smooth or textured.

Two-layer walls with a heater can also be applied with plaster. In this case, a thin layer of a special composition is applied. Used acrylic, silicate and silicone, as well as many other varieties.

The plaster surface can be painted with the appropriate paints .

Which is better to build a house

Popular options are clinker cladding , the arrangement of ventilated facades and other finishing methods. The beauty of the house depends on the chosen method of finishing, on the quality of the application or installation.

Environmentally friendly walls

All wall materials used for building houses emit harmful substances to humans. An exception is only natural wood , which has not been treated in any way. However, when determining the environmental friendliness of materials, attention is paid not to the very fact of the release of substances, but to their quantity. All construction materials have certificates, which state that there is no excess of the emission of harmful substances.

To ensure that the walls of the house are environmentally friendly, it is necessary to comply with the construction technology .So mineral wool plates can become sources of harmful dust. To exclude its entry into the house, the heater should be covered from all sides by windproof and vapor-proof films.

If we compare two-layer and single-walled walls, then the first contains more polymers, so they are less environmentally friendly. Polymers grow older faster than minerals, and are destroyed with the release of various substances.

To prevent harmful substances from accumulating in the house, it is not enough to choose the most environmentally friendly materials. We still need to equip the high-quality ventilation .