Installation of wooden roofing
Installation of a wooden roof, as a rule, is carried out with the use of milled planks with a thickness of at most 2-2.5 cm. Preliminary on their surface, shallow grooves are designed for shallow water.
If necessary, replace only one board that has rotted as a result of loosely fitting the elements of the coating and the penetration of moisture into the slots, the damaged board should be carefully removed and replaced with a new one, carefully following the masonry step.
Professional roofers against the correction of such damage using a patch cut out from the board. The service life of these inserts is very short, and after a short time again will have to carry out repair work on the roof.
Decayed rafters must be replaced completely, removing old ones and fixing new bars. It is important to ensure that the new bars exactly match the right size and fit tightly into the grooves at the ends of the rafter feet.
The roof, which has collapsed due to decaying underlaying bars, must be leveled with a jack before the repair work begins. You can also use racks with wedges for the same purposes. Then under the rafters draw the struts, connecting them with the staples on the rafter feet. The final stage is the replacement of the damaged bar.
If it is not possible to replace the underlay bar completely, it can be reinforced with wooden pads that are bolted to the damaged board.
In order to detect defects in a timely manner, periodically it is necessary to check the condition of the wooden floors that make up the attic space. This is done with a conventional ax, tapping the beams with the butt. A dull sound, heard after the impact, indicates the presence of damage to the roofing element and the need for urgent correction.
The most common defect of the attic floor is the rotting of the ends of the beams fixed in the walls. To prevent further spread of rot, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged beam by means of a board or bar pre-treated with antiseptic solution.
The cross-section of such an overlay should coincide with the section of the failed beam, and the length should be equal to two lengths of the element.
Usually the patch is made of glued or solid softwood, and cranial bars are made from aspen and alder.
The main features of installing the wooden roof
The dimensions of the new cranial bars, which are patterned out of wood, must be identical to the old ones. To the beam, they are attached using nails having a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 0.4 cm. The nails are hammered, placing them strictly in the middle of the bar. In the process of work, it is important to ensure that the nail always enters the beam.
Various damage to the roof often provokes damage to shields and floor panels. In most cases, you need to completely replace the cover to fix such a defect. The sequence of these works is as follows: firstly remove the insulation layer, panels and shields, then remove decayed beams, clearing them of dust and dirt. At the final stage, inspect the beams, checking the horizontality of the supports and breaking the axes.
Then old beams are replaced with new ones, treated with antiseptic solution( bitumen or resin) and wrapping their ends with ruberoid or roofing felt. In the event that the wooden beams are poorly dried, do not close the grooves, fixing them in the right place. To avoid damage after drying, it is recommended to leave them open.
In frame and panel buildings, the beams are attached to the upper frame of the walls, in the wooden frames, on the outside walls, while the bars seem to be cut between the upper crowns.
When constructing brick houses, the beams are placed, necessarily strengthening them on the outer walls at a depth of 19-20 cm with an interval from the wall of 3 cm. The cement must be covered with joints. The ends of beams at the same time should be cut "nauss", so that between the wall and the beam formed an air cushion, which contributes to better evaporation of moisture from the ends. When performing the work, first fix the outer beams, and after checking the correctness of their location, put the others, necessarily parallel to each other. With the help of the level, check the horizontality, and then fasten the nailed beams with nails, then put the floor panels on them, covering them with a layer of roofing felt or roofing material and, lastly, with thermal insulation material.
When fixing the damage to the panel floor, first of all, you need to assemble the frames, and then attach the plates to them using nails and glue. After that, treat the end of the panel with an antiseptic solution and place the roofing felt or roofing material in the wall in the place of its future attachment, attaching it with bitumen mastic. Then, parallel to each other, fasten the panels, connecting them together with nails, driven through special liners, designed to mask the seams. The final stage of installation of a wooden roof involves coating the panel with a layer of insulation, both new and old.
As a heater in chopped wooden houses, you can use boiler slags or coal slag. On the overlap they are poured in a layer of 10-15 cm, and along the perimeter - with a layer having a thickness of 30-40 cm and a width of 1 m. The coal slag must be dried before use, keeping in air until the sulfur odor disappears completely. The boiler slags must be periodically moistened.
Often, a wooden roof hits a bug-grinder. The result of his invasion are numerous small holes on wooden elements, greatly reducing the life of the roof. An effective method of controlling the bug is to treat the surface of structural elements with an antiseptic solution. For the same purpose, you can use acetone and nitro paint.
The wooden roofs are completely unusable due to the appearance of a fungus on their surface. In this case, the best antiseptic is a solution prepared from 950 g of common salt and 50 g of boric acid. Boric acid and salt are mixed, and then poured 5 liters of boiling water.
The surface of the wooden roofing parts is wiped with the resulting solution at least 4-5 times to completely destroy the fungus.
